Title: | Bindings for the 'Geospatial' Data Abstraction Library |
---|---|
Description: | Provides bindings to the 'Geospatial' Data Abstraction Library ('GDAL') (>= 1.11.4) and access to projection/transformation operations from the 'PROJ' library. Please note that 'rgdal' will be retired during October 2023, plan transition to sf/stars/'terra' functions using 'GDAL' and 'PROJ' at your earliest convenience (see <https://r-spatial.org/r/2023/05/15/evolution4.html> and earlier blogs for guidance). Use is made of classes defined in the 'sp' package. Raster and vector map data can be imported into R, and raster and vector 'sp' objects exported. The 'GDAL' and 'PROJ' libraries are external to the package, and, when installing the package from source, must be correctly installed first; it is important that 'GDAL' < 3 be matched with 'PROJ' < 6. From 'rgdal' 1.5-8, installed with to 'GDAL' >=3, 'PROJ' >=6 and 'sp' >= 1.4, coordinate reference systems use 'WKT2_2019' strings, not 'PROJ' strings. 'Windows' and 'macOS' binaries (including 'GDAL', 'PROJ' and their dependencies) are provided on 'CRAN'. |
Authors: | Roger Bivand [cre, aut] , Tim Keitt [aut], Barry Rowlingson [aut, ctb], Edzer Pebesma [ctb], Michael Sumner [ctb], Robert Hijmans [ctb], Daniel Baston [ctb], Even Rouault [cph, ctb], Frank Warmerdam [cph, ctb], Jeroen Ooms [ctb], Colin Rundel [ctb] |
Maintainer: | Roger Bivand <[email protected]> |
License: | GPL (>= 2) |
Version: | 1.6-7 |
Built: | 2024-10-03 06:17:41 UTC |
Source: | https://github.com/cran/rgdal |
Methods for closing GDAL datasets, used internally
closeDataset(dataset) closeDataset.default(dataset)
closeDataset(dataset) closeDataset.default(dataset)
dataset |
GDAL dataset |
default method, returns error
closes the "GDALReadOnlyDataset"
closes the "GDALTransientDataset"
Interface class to the PROJ.4 projection system. The class is defined as an empty stub accepting value NA in the sp package. If the rgdal package is available, then the class will permit spatial data to be associated with coordinate reference systems
checkCRSArgs_ng(uprojargs=NA_character_, SRS_string=NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) compare_CRS(CRS1, CRS2)
checkCRSArgs_ng(uprojargs=NA_character_, SRS_string=NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) compare_CRS(CRS1, CRS2)
uprojargs |
character string PROJ.4 projection arguments |
SRS_string |
default NULL, experimental in connection with adaptation to GDAL>=3/PROJ>=6; a valid WKT string or SRS definition such as |
get_source_if_boundcrs |
The presence of the |
CRS1 , CRS2
|
objects of class |
Objects can be created by calls of the form CRS("projargs")
, where "projargs" is a valid string of PROJ.4 arguments; the arguments must be entered exactly as in the PROJ.4 documentation, in particular there cannot be any white space in +<arg>=<value> strings, and successive such strings can only be separated by blanks. The initiation function calls the PROJ.4 library to verify the argument set against those known in the library, returning error messages where necessary. The complete argument set may be retrieved by examining the second list element returned by validObject("CRS object")
to see which additional arguments the library will use (which assumptions it is making over and above submitted arguments). The function CRSargs()
can be used to show the expanded argument list used by the PROJ.4 library.
projargs
:Object of class "character"
: projection arguments; the arguments must be entered exactly as in the PROJ.4 documentation, in particular there cannot be any white space in +<arg>=<value> strings, and successive such strings can only be separated by blanks.
signature(object = "CRS")
: print projection arguments in object
Lists of projections may be seen by using the programs installed with the PROJ.4 library, in particular proj and cs2cs; with the latter, -lp lists projections, -le ellipsoids, -lu units, and -ld datum(s) known to the installed software (available in rgdal using projInfo
). These are added to in successive releases, so tracking the website or compiling and installing the most recent revisions will give the greatest choice. Finding the very important datum transformation parameters to be given with the +towgs84 tag is a further challenge, and is essential when the datums used in data to be used together differ. Tracing projection arguments is easier now than before the mass ownership of GPS receivers raised the issue of matching coordinates from different argument sets (GPS output and paper map, for example). See GridsDatums
and showEPSG
for help in finding CRS definitions.
The 4.9.1 release of PROJ.4 omitted a small file of defaults, leading to reports of “major axis or radius = 0 or not given” errors. From 0.9-3, rgdal checks for the presence of this file (proj_def.dat), and if not found, and under similar conditions to those used by PROJ.4, adds “+ellps=WGS84” to the input string being checked by checkCRSArgs
The “+no_defs” tag ignores the file of defaults, and the default work-around implemented to get around this problem; strings including “init” and “datum” tags also trigger the avoidance of the work-around. Now messages are issued when a candidate CRS is checked; they may be suppressed using suppressMessages
.
Roger Bivand [email protected]
library(sp) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") CRSargs(CRS(proj4string(meuse))) run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { c1 <- CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84") c2 <- CRS("+proj=longlat") compare_CRS(c1, c2) } if (run) { comment(c2) <- NULL compare_CRS(c1, c2) }
library(sp) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") CRSargs(CRS(proj4string(meuse))) run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { c1 <- CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84") c2 <- CRS("+proj=longlat") compare_CRS(c1, c2) } if (run) { comment(c2) <- NULL compare_CRS(c1, c2) }
Display a GDAL dataset allowing for subscenes and decimation, allowing very large images to be browsed
displayDataset(x, offset=c(0, 0), region.dim=dim(x), reduction = 1, band = 1, col = NULL, reset.par = TRUE, max.dim = 500, ...)
displayDataset(x, offset=c(0, 0), region.dim=dim(x), reduction = 1, band = 1, col = NULL, reset.par = TRUE, max.dim = 500, ...)
x |
a three-band GDALReadOnlyDataset object |
offset |
Number of rows and columns from the origin (usually the upper left corner) to begin reading from; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
region.dim |
The number of rows and columns to read from the dataset; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
reduction |
a vector of length 1 or 2 recycled to 2 for decimating the input data, 1 retains full resultion, higher values decimate |
band |
The band number (1-based) to read from |
col |
default NULL, attempt to use band colour table and default to grey scale if not available |
reset.par |
default TRUE - reset par() settings on completion |
max.dim |
default 500, forcing the image to a maximum dimension of the value |
... |
arguments passed to image.default() |
a list of the image data, the colour table, and the par() values on entry.
Tim Keitt
## Not run: logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- GDAL.open(logo) opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE) par(mfrow=c(2,2)) displayDataset(x, band=1, reset.par=FALSE) displayDataset(x, band=2, reset.par=FALSE) #displayDataset(x, band=3, reset.par=TRUE) par(opar) dx <- RGB2PCT(x, band=1:3) displayDataset(dx, reset.par=FALSE) GDAL.close(x) GDAL.close(dx) ## End(Not run)
## Not run: logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- GDAL.open(logo) opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE) par(mfrow=c(2,2)) displayDataset(x, band=1, reset.par=FALSE) displayDataset(x, band=2, reset.par=FALSE) #displayDataset(x, band=3, reset.par=TRUE) par(opar) dx <- RGB2PCT(x, band=1:3) displayDataset(dx, reset.par=FALSE) GDAL.close(x) GDAL.close(dx) ## End(Not run)
GDALDataset
extends GDALReadOnlyDataset-class
with data update commands.
putRasterData(dataset, rasterData, band = 1, offset = c(0, 0)) saveDataset(dataset, filename, options=NULL, returnNewObj=FALSE) copyDataset(dataset, driver, strict = FALSE, options = NULL, fname=NULL) deleteDataset(dataset) saveDatasetAs(dataset, filename, driver = NULL, options=NULL)
putRasterData(dataset, rasterData, band = 1, offset = c(0, 0)) saveDataset(dataset, filename, options=NULL, returnNewObj=FALSE) copyDataset(dataset, driver, strict = FALSE, options = NULL, fname=NULL) deleteDataset(dataset) saveDatasetAs(dataset, filename, driver = NULL, options=NULL)
dataset |
An object inheriting from class 'GDALDataset' |
rasterData |
A data array with |
band |
The band number (1-based) to read from |
offset |
Number of rows and columns from the origin (usually the upper left corner) to begin reading from |
filename |
name of file to contain raster data object; will be normalized with |
returnNewObj |
until and including 0.5-27, |
driver |
GDAL driver name to use for saving raster data object |
strict |
TRUE if the copy must be strictly equivalent, or more normally FALSE indicating that the copy may adapt as needed for the output format |
options |
Driver specific options (currently passed to GDAL) |
fname |
default NULL, used internally to pass through a file name with a required extension (RST driver has this problem) |
putRasterData
:writes data contained in
rasterData
to the dataset, begining at offset
rows
and columns from the origin (usually the upper left corner). Data
type conversion is automatic.
saveDataset
:saves a raster data object in a file using the driver of the object
saveDatasetAs
:saves a raster data object in a file using the specified driver
copyDataset
:make a copy of raster data object in a file using the specified driver
deleteDataset
:delete the file from which the raster data object was read (should only delete files opened as GDALDataset objects
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALDataset", filename, handle)
, where name: a string giving the name of a GDAL driver, handle: used internally; not for public consumption (default = NULL).
handle
:Object of class "externalptr", from class "GDALReadOnlyDataset"
, used internally; not for public consumption
Class "GDALReadOnlyDataset"
, directly.
Class "GDALMajorObject"
, by class "GDALReadOnlyDataset".
signature(.Object = "GDALDataset")
: ...
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
GDALDriver-class
,
GDALReadOnlyDataset-class
, GDALTransientDataset-class
GDALDriver
objects encapsulate GDAL file format
drivers. GDALDriver
inherits from GDALMajorObject-class
.
getGDALDriverNames() gdalDrivers() getDriverName(driver) getDriverLongName(driver) getGDALVersionInfo(str = "--version") getGDALCheckVersion() getGDALwithGEOS() rgdal_extSoftVersion() get_cached_orig_PROJ_LIB() get_cached_orig_GDAL_DATA() get_cached_set_PROJ_LIB() get_cached_set_GDAL_DATA()
getGDALDriverNames() gdalDrivers() getDriverName(driver) getDriverLongName(driver) getGDALVersionInfo(str = "--version") getGDALCheckVersion() getGDALwithGEOS() rgdal_extSoftVersion() get_cached_orig_PROJ_LIB() get_cached_orig_GDAL_DATA() get_cached_set_PROJ_LIB() get_cached_set_GDAL_DATA()
driver |
An object inheriting from class 'GDALDriver' |
str |
A string, may be one of |
getGDALDriverNames, gdalDrivers
:returns all driver names currently installed in GDAL, with their declared create and copy status (some drivers can create datasets, others can only copy from a prototype with a different driver.
getDriverName
:returns the GDAL driver name associated with the driver object.
getDriverLongName
:returns a longer driver name.
getGDALVersionInfo
:returns the version of the GDAL runtime shared object.
getGDALCheckVersion
:checks the version of the GDAL headers used when building the package (GDAL_VERSION_MAJOR, GDAL_VERSION_MINOR) - if the two versions differ, problems may arise (the C++ API/ABI may have changed), and rgdal should be re-installed
getGDALwithGEOS
:because drivers may behave differently if GDAL itself was built with GEOS support, the function uses a heuristic to check whether GDAL has access to the GEOS Union function or not
get_cached_orig_PROJ_LIB
, get_cached_orig_GDAL_DATA
The values of environment variables PROJ_LIB and GDAL_DATA as read when this package was loaded
get_cached_set_PROJ_LIB
, get_cached_set_GDAL_DATA
If not ""
, the values set when loading this package to point to metadata files included in CRAN binary packages
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALDriver", name, handle)
, where name: a string giving the name of a GDAL driver, handle: used internally; not for public consumption (default = NULL).
handle
:Object of class "externalptr", from class "GDALMajorObject"
, used internally; not for public consumption
Class "GDALMajorObject"
, directly.
signature(.Object = "GDALDriver")
: drivername: a string giving the name of a GDAL driver, handle: used internally; not for public consumption (default = NULL)
Loading the rgdal package changes the GDAL_DATA
environmental variable to the GDAL support files bundled with the package.
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
gdalDrivers() logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) getDriver(x) getDriverLongName(getDriver(x)) GDAL.close(x)
gdalDrivers() logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) getDriver(x) getDriverLongName(getDriver(x)) GDAL.close(x)
"GDALMajorObject" is a virtual base class for all GDAL objects.
getDescription(object)
getDescription(object)
object |
an object inheriting from "GDALMajorObject" |
getDescription
:returns a descrption string associated with the object. No setter method is defined because GDAL dataset objects use the description to hold the filename attached to the dataset. It would not be good to change that mid-stream.
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALMajorObject", ...)
, but are only created for classes that extend this class.
handle
:Object of class "externalptr"
, used internally; not for public consumption
No methods defined with class "GDALMajorObject" in the signature.
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
GDALDriver-class
,
GDALReadOnlyDataset-class
, GDALDataset-class
and
GDALTransientDataset-class
driver <- new('GDALDriver', as.character(getGDALDriverNames()[1,1])) driver rm(driver) logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x getDescription(x) dim(x) GDAL.close(x)
driver <- new('GDALDriver', as.character(getGDALDriverNames()[1,1])) driver rm(driver) logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x getDescription(x) dim(x) GDAL.close(x)
Returns a two-dimensional array with data from a raster band, used internally within functions
getRasterData(dataset, band = NULL, offset = c(0, 0), region.dim = dim(dataset), output.dim = region.dim, interleave = c(0, 0), as.is = FALSE, list_out=FALSE) getRasterTable(dataset, band = NULL, offset = c(0, 0), region.dim = dim(dataset)) getProjectionRef(dataset, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) getRasterBand(dataset, band = 1) getRasterBlockSize(raster) toSigned(x, base) toUnSigned(x, base) get_OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84() set_OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84(value)
getRasterData(dataset, band = NULL, offset = c(0, 0), region.dim = dim(dataset), output.dim = region.dim, interleave = c(0, 0), as.is = FALSE, list_out=FALSE) getRasterTable(dataset, band = NULL, offset = c(0, 0), region.dim = dim(dataset)) getProjectionRef(dataset, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) getRasterBand(dataset, band = 1) getRasterBlockSize(raster) toSigned(x, base) toUnSigned(x, base) get_OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84() set_OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84(value)
dataset |
An object inheriting from class 'GDALReadOnlyDataset' |
band |
The band number (1-based) to read from |
offset |
Number of rows and columns from the origin (usually the upper left corner) to begin reading from; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
region.dim |
The number of rows and columns to read from the dataset; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
output.dim |
Number of rows and columns in the output data; if
smaller than |
interleave |
Element and row stride while reading data; rarely needed |
as.is |
If false, scale the data to its natural units; if the case of thematic data, return the data as factors |
list_out |
default FALSE, return array, if TRUE, return a list of vector bands |
raster |
An object of class GDALRasterBand |
x |
integer variable for conversion |
base |
If Byte input, 8, if Int16 or UInt16, 16 |
OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 |
logical value, default NULL, which case the cached option set by |
enforce_xy |
(PROJ6+/GDAL3+) either use global setting (default NULL) or override policy for coordinate ordering easting/x as first axis, northing/y as second axis. |
get_source_if_boundcrs |
The presence of the |
value |
logical value to set OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 |
getRasterData
:retrieves data from the dataset as an array or list of bands; will try to convert relevant bands to factor if category names are available in the GDAL driver when returning a list.
getRasterTable
:retrieves data from the dataset as data frame.
getProjectionRef
:returns the geodetic projection in Well Known Text format.
getRasterBand
:returns a raster band
getRasterBlockSize
:returns the natural block size of the raster band. Use this for efficient tiled IO.
toSigned
:used to convert a band read as unsigned integer to signed integer
toUnSigned
:used to convert a band read as signed integer to unsigned integer
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALRasterBand", dataset, band)
.
handle
:Object of class "externalptr", from class "GDALMajorObject"
, used internally; not for public consumption
Class "GDALMajorObject"
, directly.
signature(x = "GDALRasterBand")
: ...
signature(.Object = "GDALRasterBand")
: ...
The OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 argument is used to revert GDAL behaviour to pre-1.8.0 status; from 1.8.0, any input datum may be discarded if the input also includes a towgs84 tag in conversion to the PROJ.4 representation, see https://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/4880 and https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/gdal-dev/2012-November/034550.html. The cached value of OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 will also be used in open.SpatialGDAL
, sub.GDROD
, and asGDALROD_SGDF
, which do not have a suitable argument
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
See also GDALDriver-class
, GDALDataset-class
, GDALTransientDataset-class
logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) plot(density(getRasterTable(x)$band1)) GDAL.close(x)
logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) plot(density(getRasterTable(x)$band1)) GDAL.close(x)
GDALReadOnlyDataset
is the base class for a GDAL Dataset
classes. Only read operations are supported. Both GDALDataset
and GDALTransientDataset
inherit these read operations while
providing additional write operations (see
GDALDataset-class
). GDALReadOnlyDataset-class
inherits
from GDALMajorObject-class
.
GDAL.close(dataset) GDAL.open(filename, read.only = TRUE, silent=FALSE, allowedDrivers = NULL, options=NULL) getDriver(dataset) getColorTable(dataset, band = 1) getGeoTransFunc(dataset)
GDAL.close(dataset) GDAL.open(filename, read.only = TRUE, silent=FALSE, allowedDrivers = NULL, options=NULL) getDriver(dataset) getColorTable(dataset, band = 1) getGeoTransFunc(dataset)
dataset |
An object inheriting from class 'GDALReadOnlyDataset' |
filename |
name of file to contain raster data object; will be normalized with |
band |
The band number (1-based) to read from |
read.only |
A logical flag indicating whether to open the file as a
|
silent |
logical; if TRUE, comment and non-fatal CPL driver errors suppressed |
allowedDrivers |
a character vector of suggested driver short names may be provided starting from GDAL 2.0 |
options |
open options may be passed to raster drivers starting from GDAL 2.0; very few drivers support these options |
GDAL.open
and GDAL.close
are shorter versions of new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", ...)
and closeDataset()
. Because GDAL.close
through closeDataset()
uses the finalization mechanism to destroy the handles to the dataset and its driver, messages such as:
"Closing GDAL dataset handle 0x8ff7900... destroyed ... done."
may appear when GDAL.close
is run, or at some later stage.
getDriver
returns an object inheriting from class 'GDALDriver'.
getColorTable
returns the dataset colour table (currently does not support RGB imaging).
getGeoTransFunc
returns a warping function.
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", filename, handle)
.
~~ describe objects here ~~
handle
:Object of class "externalptr", from class "GDALMajorObject"
~~
Class "GDALMajorObject"
, directly.
signature(dataset = "GDALReadOnlyDataset")
: ...
signature(x = "GDALReadOnlyDataset")
: ...
signature(.Object = "GDALReadOnlyDataset")
: ...
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
See also GDALDriver-class
, GDALDataset-class
, GDALTransientDataset-class
.
logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) plot(density(getRasterTable(x)$band1)) #displayDataset(x) #displayDataset(x, col=function(x){rev(cm.colors(x))}) #im <- displayDataset(x, col=function(x){rev(cm.colors(x))}, reset.par=FALSE) #contour(1:attr(im, "size")[2], 1:attr(im, "size")[1], # t(attr(im, "index"))[,attr(im, "size")[1]:1], nlevels = 1, # levels = 100, col = 'black', add = TRUE) GDAL.close(x) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) #displayDataset(x) GDAL.close(x)
logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) plot(density(getRasterTable(x)$band1)) #displayDataset(x) #displayDataset(x, col=function(x){rev(cm.colors(x))}) #im <- displayDataset(x, col=function(x){rev(cm.colors(x))}, reset.par=FALSE) #contour(1:attr(im, "size")[2], 1:attr(im, "size")[1], # t(attr(im, "index"))[,attr(im, "size")[1]:1], nlevels = 1, # levels = 100, col = 'black', add = TRUE) GDAL.close(x) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) #displayDataset(x) GDAL.close(x)
subsets GDAL objects, returning a SpatialGridDataFrame object
The [
method subsets a GDAL data set, returning a SpatialGridDataFrame object. Reading is
done on the GDAL side, and only the subset requested is ever read into memory.
Further named arguments to [
are to either getRasterTable or getRasterData:
see getRasterData
see getRasterData
see getRasterData
the other arguments, offset
and region.dim
are
derived from row/column selection values.
An GDALReadOnlyDataset object can be coerced directly to a SpatialGridDataFrame
signature(.Object = "GDALReadOnlyDataset")
: requires package
sp; selects rows and columns, and returns an object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
if the grid is not rotated, or else of class SpatialPointsDataFrame. Any arguments
passed to getRasterData (or in case of rotation getRasterTable) may be passed as
named arguments; the first three unnamed arguments are row,col,band
Edzer Pebesma
See also readGDAL
GDALDriver-class
,
GDALDataset-class
, GDALTransientDataset-class
,
SpatialGridDataFrame-class
.
library(grid) logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) x.sp = x[20:50, 20:50] class(x.sp) summary(x.sp) spplot(x.sp) GDAL.close(x) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x.gdal <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x = x.gdal[,,3] dim(x) summary(x) spplot(x) spplot(x.gdal[]) GDAL.close(x.gdal) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x.gdal <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x.as <- as(x.gdal, "SpatialGridDataFrame") GDAL.close(x.gdal) summary(x.as)
library(grid) logo <- system.file("pictures/logo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) dim(x) x.sp = x[20:50, 20:50] class(x.sp) summary(x.sp) spplot(x.sp) GDAL.close(x) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x.gdal <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x = x.gdal[,,3] dim(x) summary(x) spplot(x) spplot(x.gdal[]) GDAL.close(x.gdal) logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x.gdal <- new("GDALReadOnlyDataset", logo) x.as <- as(x.gdal, "SpatialGridDataFrame") GDAL.close(x.gdal) summary(x.as)
GDALTransientDataset
is identical to
GDALDataset-class
except that transient datasets are not associated with any
user-visible file. Transient datasets delete their associated file
data when closed. See saveDataset
and
saveDatasetAs
.
Objects can be created by calls of the form new("GDALTransientDataset", driver, rows, cols, bands, type, options, fname, handle)
.
A "GDALDriver" object that determines the storage format
Number of rows in the newly created dataset
Number of columns in the newly created dataset
Number of bands to create
A GDAL type name as listed in .GDALDataTypes
Driver specific options
default NULL, used internally to pass through a file name with a required extension (RST driver has this problem)
Used internally; not for public consumption
handle
:Object of class "externalptr", from class "GDALDataset"
, used internally; not for public consumption
Class "GDALDataset"
, directly.
Class "GDALReadOnlyDataset"
, by class "GDALDataset".
Class "GDALMajorObject"
, by class "GDALDataset".
signature(dataset = "GDALTransientDataset")
: ...
signature(.Object = "GDALTransientDataset")
: ...
Timothy H. Keitt, modified by Roger Bivand
See also GDALDriver-class
,
GDALReadOnlyDataset-class
list.files(tempdir()) x <- new('GDALTransientDataset', driver=new('GDALDriver', "GTiff"), rows=100, cols=100, bands=3, type='Byte') dim(x) list.files(tempdir()) GDAL.close(x) list.files(tempdir())
list.files(tempdir()) x <- new('GDALTransientDataset', driver=new('GDALDriver', "GTiff"), rows=100, cols=100, bands=3, type='Byte') dim(x) list.files(tempdir()) GDAL.close(x) list.files(tempdir())
A data.frame of years and months of Grids & Datums column publications by country and country code.
data("GridsDatums")
data("GridsDatums")
A data frame with 241 observations on the following 4 variables.
country
name of PE&RS column
month
issue month
year
publication year
ISO
ISO code for country
The journal Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, run by the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS), began publishing a more-or-less monthly column on the spatial reference systems used in different countries, including their datums. The column first appeared in September 1997, and continued until March 2016; subsequent columns are updated reprints of previous ones. Some also cover other topics, such as world and Martian spatial reference systems. They are written by Clifford J. Mugnier, Louisiana State University, Fellow Emeritus ASPRS. To access the columns, visit https://www.asprs.org/asprs-publications/grids-and-datums.
https://www.asprs.org/asprs-publications/grids-and-datums
data(GridsDatums) GridsDatums[grep("Norway", GridsDatums$country),] GridsDatums[grep("Google", GridsDatums$country),] GridsDatums[grep("^Mars$", GridsDatums$country),]
data(GridsDatums) GridsDatums[grep("Norway", GridsDatums$country),] GridsDatums[grep("Google", GridsDatums$country),] GridsDatums[grep("^Mars$", GridsDatums$country),]
From PROJ 7 (and partly 7.1), it is becoming possible to use transformation grids downloaded on demand to improve coordinate operation accuracy from a content download network (CDN). These functions report on and control the use of the CDN.
is_proj_CDN_enabled() enable_proj_CDN() disable_proj_CDN() proj_CDN_user_writable_dir() get_proj_search_paths() set_proj_search_paths(paths)
is_proj_CDN_enabled() enable_proj_CDN() disable_proj_CDN() proj_CDN_user_writable_dir() get_proj_search_paths() set_proj_search_paths(paths)
paths |
a character vector of existing directories |
The PROJ user-writable CDN directory is set as soon as the internal search path is queried, and for most uses, the default value will allow all programs using PROJ such as R packages, QGIS, GRASS, etc., to access any downloaded grids. Grids are checked for staleness at regular intervals. This directory may be set to a non-default value with the PROJ_USER_WRITABLE_DIRECTORY environment variable before rgdal (and any other package using PROJ) is loaded and attached, from PROJ >= 7.1.0.
Logical values and/or character vector search paths, often NULL for earlier versions of PROJ.
Roger Bivand
is_proj_CDN_enabled() proj_CDN_user_writable_dir() get_proj_search_paths()
is_proj_CDN_enabled() proj_CDN_user_writable_dir() get_proj_search_paths()
List PROJ 6 coordinate operations for a pair of source/target coordinate reference systems
list_coordOps(src_crs, tgt_crs, area_of_interest = as.numeric(NA), strict_containment = FALSE, visualization_order = NULL) best_instantiable_coordOp(x) ## S3 method for class 'coordOps' print(x, ...)
list_coordOps(src_crs, tgt_crs, area_of_interest = as.numeric(NA), strict_containment = FALSE, visualization_order = NULL) best_instantiable_coordOp(x) ## S3 method for class 'coordOps' print(x, ...)
src_crs |
Source coordinate reference system string |
tgt_crs |
Target coordinate reference system string |
area_of_interest |
Numeric vector; either |
strict_containment |
default FALSE, permit partial matching of the area of interest; if TRUE strictly contain the area of interest. The area of interest is either as given, or as implied by the source/target coordinate reference systems (FIXME) |
visualization_order |
default NULL, taking the value of |
x |
an object of class |
... |
arguments possibly passed through, unused |
(FIXME)
A data frame with rows showing the coordinate operations found, and columns:
description |
String describing the operation |
definition |
PROJ pipeline for executing the operation |
accuracy |
Accuracy in meters, if negative, unknown |
instantiable |
Can this operation be carried out with available resources |
ballpark |
Does this operation only have ballpark accuracy |
number_grids |
The number of grids required for the operation |
The object has a "grids"
attribute containing a nested list of grids for each coordinate operations found; if number_grids == 0
, NULL, otherwise a list of grids. For each grid required, the short and long names of the grid are given, the package name if available in a PROJ grid package, and the download URL for that package. Three logical variables report whether the grid may be downloaded directly, whether it has an open license, and whether it is available.
Fragile: work in progress
Roger Bivand [email protected]
run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { discarded_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ") (x <- list_coordOps(paste0(discarded_datum, " +type=crs"), "OGC:CRS84")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) } if (run) { restored_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ") list_coordOps(paste0(restored_datum, " +datum=OSGB36 +type=crs"), "OGC:CRS84") } if (run) { wkt_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "WKT2") (x <- list_coordOps(wkt_datum, "OGC:CRS84")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) } if (run) { list_coordOps("EPSG:27700", "OGC:CRS84") } if (run) { } if (run) { discarded_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:22525", "PROJ") list_coordOps(paste0(discarded_datum, " +type=crs"), "EPSG:31985") } if (run) { } if (run) { wkt_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:22525", "WKT2") list_coordOps(wkt_datum, "EPSG:31985") } if (run) { (x <- list_coordOps("EPSG:22525", "EPSG:31985")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) }
run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { discarded_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ") (x <- list_coordOps(paste0(discarded_datum, " +type=crs"), "OGC:CRS84")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) } if (run) { restored_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ") list_coordOps(paste0(restored_datum, " +datum=OSGB36 +type=crs"), "OGC:CRS84") } if (run) { wkt_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "WKT2") (x <- list_coordOps(wkt_datum, "OGC:CRS84")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) } if (run) { list_coordOps("EPSG:27700", "OGC:CRS84") } if (run) { } if (run) { discarded_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:22525", "PROJ") list_coordOps(paste0(discarded_datum, " +type=crs"), "EPSG:31985") } if (run) { } if (run) { wkt_datum <- showSRID("EPSG:22525", "WKT2") list_coordOps(wkt_datum, "EPSG:31985") } if (run) { (x <- list_coordOps("EPSG:22525", "EPSG:31985")) } if (run) { best_instantiable_coordOp(x) }
Plot long-lat grid over projected data
llgridlines(obj, easts, norths, ndiscr = 20, lty = 2, offset=0.5, side="WS", llcrs = "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84", plotLines = TRUE, plotLabels = TRUE, ...)
llgridlines(obj, easts, norths, ndiscr = 20, lty = 2, offset=0.5, side="WS", llcrs = "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84", plotLines = TRUE, plotLabels = TRUE, ...)
obj |
object, deriving from Spatial-class having projection specified |
easts |
numeric; see gridlines |
norths |
numeric; see gridlines |
ndiscr |
numeric; see gridlines |
offset |
numeric; see gridlines |
side |
character, default “WS”; see gridlines; available from sp 0.9-84 |
lty |
line type to be used for grid lines |
llcrs |
proj4string of longitude - latitude |
plotLines |
logical; plot lines? |
plotLabels |
logical; plot labels? |
... |
graphics arguments passed to plot function for lines and text function for labels |
none; side effect is that grid lines and lables are plotted
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) = ~x+y proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") plot(meuse) llgridlines(meuse, lty=3) plot(meuse) llgridlines(meuse, lty=3, side = "EN", offset = 0.2)
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) = ~x+y proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") plot(meuse) llgridlines(meuse, lty=3) plot(meuse) llgridlines(meuse, lty=3, side = "EN", offset = 0.2)
Make a data frame of the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) geodetic parameter dataset as distributed with PROJ.4 software (prior to PROJ 6.0.0, March 2019, only the CSV file, from March 2019 with PROJ >= 6 from the SQLite database). Because finding the correct projection specification is not easy, lists still known as EPSG lists are maintained, and more generally retrieved from databases. The data collated here are as distributed with PROJ.4.
make_EPSG(file) EPSG_version()
make_EPSG(file) EPSG_version()
file |
file name of the file matching EPSG codes and PROJ.4 arguments, should usually be autodetected; not used for PROJ >= 6 |
returns a data frame with columns:
code |
integer column of EPSG code numbers |
note |
character column of notes as included in the file |
prj4 |
character column of PROJ.4 arguments for the equivalent projection definitions |
prj_method |
extra character column from PROJ 6 showing the projection method |
...
See also Clifford J. Mugnier's Grids & Datums columns in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, https://www.asprs.org/a/resources/grids/, see also GridsDatums
.
Roger Bivand
(unlinked because of certificate issues: https://epsg.org/home.html.
EPSG <- try(make_EPSG()) # from PROJ 6.0.0, EPSG data is no longer stored in a flat file if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) attr(EPSG, "metadata") # PROJ.4 version 5 and later include the EPSG version as an attribute if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Oslo", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[1925:1927, 3] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Poland", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Amersfoort", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("North Carolina", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[2202, 3]
EPSG <- try(make_EPSG()) # from PROJ 6.0.0, EPSG data is no longer stored in a flat file if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) attr(EPSG, "metadata") # PROJ.4 version 5 and later include the EPSG version as an attribute if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Oslo", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[1925:1927, 3] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Poland", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("Amersfoort", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[grep("North Carolina", EPSG$note), 1:2] if (!inherits(EPSG, "try-error")) EPSG[2202, 3]
Norwegian peaks over 2000m, 3D SpatialPoints data.
data(nor2k)
data(nor2k)
The format is: Formal class 'SpatialPointsDataFrame' [package "sp"] with 5 slots ..@ data :'data.frame': 300 obs. of 3 variables: .. ..$ Nr. : int [1:300] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... .. ..$ Navn : chr [1:300] "Galdh?piggen" "Glittertinden" "Skagast?lstinden, Store (Storen)" "Styggedalstinden, Store, ?sttoppen" ... .. ..$ Kommune: chr [1:300] "Lom" "Lom" "Luster / Ardal" "Luster" ... ..@ coords.nrs : num(0) ..@ coords : num [1:300, 1:3] 463550 476550 439850 441450 441100 ... .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "East" "North" "Height" ..@ bbox : num [1:3, 1:2] 404700 6804200 2001 547250 6910050 ... .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "East" "North" "Height" .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "min" "max" ..@ proj4string:Formal class 'CRS' [package "sp"] with 1 slots .. .. ..@ projargs: chr "+proj=utm +zone=32 +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0"
Norwegian peaks over 2000m, coordinates in EUREF89/WGS84 UTM32N, names not fully updated, here converted to ASCII.
http://www.nfo2000m.no/; http://www.nfo2000m.no/Excel/2000m_data.xls
data(nor2k) summary(nor2k) ## maybe str(nor2k) ; plot(nor2k) ...
data(nor2k) summary(nor2k) ## maybe str(nor2k) ; plot(nor2k) ...
The projInfo
function lists known values and descriptions for PROJ.4 tags for tag in c("proj", "ellps", "datum", "units")
; getPROJ4VersionInfo
returns the version of the underlying PROJ.4 release, getPROJ4libPath
returns the value of the PROJ_LIB environment variable, projNAD
detects the presence of NAD datum conversion tables (looking for conus).
projInfo(type = "proj") getPROJ4VersionInfo() getPROJ4libPath() projNAD() GDAL_OSR_PROJ() GDALis3ormore() PROJis6ormore() new_proj_and_gdal()
projInfo(type = "proj") getPROJ4VersionInfo() getPROJ4libPath() projNAD() GDAL_OSR_PROJ() GDALis3ormore() PROJis6ormore() new_proj_and_gdal()
type |
One of these tags: |
The output data frame lists the information given by the proj application with flags -lp, -le, -ld or -lu. From PROJ 6, "datum"
is not available. From PROJ 7.1.0, "units"
returns the conversion factor as numeric, not character.
A data frame with a name and description column, and two extra columns for the "ellps" and "datum" tags.
Loading the rgdal package may change the PROJ_LIB
environmental variable to the PROJ.4 support files if bundled with binary packages.
Roger Bivand [email protected]
getPROJ4VersionInfo() projInfo() projInfo("ellps") projInfo("units")
getPROJ4VersionInfo() projInfo() projInfo("ellps") projInfo("units")
This function converts a three-band GDALReadOnlyDataset into a single band of colour indices as a GDALTransientDataset.
RGB2PCT(x, band, driver.name = 'MEM', ncolors = 256, set.ctab = TRUE)
RGB2PCT(x, band, driver.name = 'MEM', ncolors = 256, set.ctab = TRUE)
x |
a three-band GDALReadOnlyDataset object |
band |
a vector of numbers, recycled up to 3 in length |
driver.name |
default MEM |
ncolors |
a number of colours between 2 and 256 |
set.ctab |
default TRUE, when the dithered dataset handle is returned, otherwise a list of the dataset and the PCT colour table |
The value returned is a either GDALTransientDataset or a list of a GDALTransientDataset and a colour table.
Tim Keitt
## Not run: logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- GDAL.open(logo) dim(x) dx <- RGB2PCT(x, band=1:3) displayDataset(dx, reset.par=FALSE) dim(dx) GDAL.close(x) GDAL.close(dx) ## End(Not run)
## Not run: logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] x <- GDAL.open(logo) dim(x) dx <- RGB2PCT(x, band=1:3) displayDataset(dx, reset.par=FALSE) dim(dx) GDAL.close(x) GDAL.close(dx) ## End(Not run)
Cumulative deprecated functions and methods from rgdal prior to package retirement/archiving during 2023.
project(xy, proj, inv = FALSE, use_ob_tran=FALSE, legacy=TRUE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE, coordOp = NULL, verbose = FALSE, use_aoi=TRUE) readGDAL(fname, offset, region.dim, output.dim, band, p4s=NULL, ..., half.cell=c(0.5, 0.5), silent = FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, options=NULL) asSGDF_GROD(x, offset, region.dim, output.dim, p4s=NULL, ..., half.cell=c(0.5,0.5), OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) writeGDAL(dataset, fname, drivername = "GTiff", type = "Float32", mvFlag = NA, options=NULL, copy_drivername = "GTiff", setStatistics=FALSE, colorTables = NULL, catNames=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) create2GDAL(dataset, drivername = "GTiff", type = "Float32", mvFlag = NA, options=NULL, fname = NULL, setStatistics=FALSE, colorTables = NULL, catNames=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) GDALinfo(fname, silent=FALSE, returnRAT=FALSE, returnCategoryNames=FALSE, returnStats=TRUE, returnColorTable=FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, returnScaleOffset=TRUE, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, options=NULL) GDALSpatialRef(fname, silent=FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE, options=NULL) readOGR(dsn, layer, verbose = TRUE, p4s=NULL, stringsAsFactors=as.logical(NA), drop_unsupported_fields=FALSE, pointDropZ=FALSE, dropNULLGeometries=TRUE, useC=TRUE, disambiguateFIDs=FALSE, addCommentsToPolygons=TRUE, encoding=NULL, use_iconv=FALSE, swapAxisOrder=FALSE, require_geomType = NULL, integer64="no.loss", GDAL1_integer64_policy=FALSE, morphFromESRI = NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL, D3_if_2D3D_points=FALSE, missing_3D=0) ogrInfo(dsn, layer, encoding=NULL, use_iconv=FALSE, swapAxisOrder=FALSE, require_geomType = NULL, morphFromESRI = NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL, D3_if_2D3D_points=FALSE) ogrFIDs(dsn, layer) ogrDrivers() OGRSpatialRef(dsn, layer, morphFromESRI=NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, driver = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) ogrListLayers(dsn) ## S3 method for class 'ogrinfo' print(x, ...) writeOGR(obj, dsn, layer, driver, dataset_options = NULL, layer_options=NULL, verbose = FALSE, check_exists=NULL, overwrite_layer=FALSE, delete_dsn=FALSE, morphToESRI=NULL, encoding=NULL, shp_edge_case_fix=FALSE, dumpSRS = FALSE) checkCRSArgs(uprojargs) showWKT(p4s, file = NULL, morphToESRI = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL) showEPSG(p4s, enforce_xy = NULL) getCPLConfigOption(ConfigOption) setCPLConfigOption(ConfigOption, value) GDALcall(object, option, ...) rawTransform(projfrom, projto, n, x, y, z=NULL, wkt=FALSE)
project(xy, proj, inv = FALSE, use_ob_tran=FALSE, legacy=TRUE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE, coordOp = NULL, verbose = FALSE, use_aoi=TRUE) readGDAL(fname, offset, region.dim, output.dim, band, p4s=NULL, ..., half.cell=c(0.5, 0.5), silent = FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, options=NULL) asSGDF_GROD(x, offset, region.dim, output.dim, p4s=NULL, ..., half.cell=c(0.5,0.5), OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) writeGDAL(dataset, fname, drivername = "GTiff", type = "Float32", mvFlag = NA, options=NULL, copy_drivername = "GTiff", setStatistics=FALSE, colorTables = NULL, catNames=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) create2GDAL(dataset, drivername = "GTiff", type = "Float32", mvFlag = NA, options=NULL, fname = NULL, setStatistics=FALSE, colorTables = NULL, catNames=NULL, enforce_xy = NULL) GDALinfo(fname, silent=FALSE, returnRAT=FALSE, returnCategoryNames=FALSE, returnStats=TRUE, returnColorTable=FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, returnScaleOffset=TRUE, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, options=NULL) GDALSpatialRef(fname, silent=FALSE, OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84=NULL, allowedDrivers = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE, options=NULL) readOGR(dsn, layer, verbose = TRUE, p4s=NULL, stringsAsFactors=as.logical(NA), drop_unsupported_fields=FALSE, pointDropZ=FALSE, dropNULLGeometries=TRUE, useC=TRUE, disambiguateFIDs=FALSE, addCommentsToPolygons=TRUE, encoding=NULL, use_iconv=FALSE, swapAxisOrder=FALSE, require_geomType = NULL, integer64="no.loss", GDAL1_integer64_policy=FALSE, morphFromESRI = NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL, D3_if_2D3D_points=FALSE, missing_3D=0) ogrInfo(dsn, layer, encoding=NULL, use_iconv=FALSE, swapAxisOrder=FALSE, require_geomType = NULL, morphFromESRI = NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL, D3_if_2D3D_points=FALSE) ogrFIDs(dsn, layer) ogrDrivers() OGRSpatialRef(dsn, layer, morphFromESRI=NULL, dumpSRS = FALSE, driver = NULL, enforce_xy = NULL, get_source_if_boundcrs=TRUE) ogrListLayers(dsn) ## S3 method for class 'ogrinfo' print(x, ...) writeOGR(obj, dsn, layer, driver, dataset_options = NULL, layer_options=NULL, verbose = FALSE, check_exists=NULL, overwrite_layer=FALSE, delete_dsn=FALSE, morphToESRI=NULL, encoding=NULL, shp_edge_case_fix=FALSE, dumpSRS = FALSE) checkCRSArgs(uprojargs) showWKT(p4s, file = NULL, morphToESRI = FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL) showEPSG(p4s, enforce_xy = NULL) getCPLConfigOption(ConfigOption) setCPLConfigOption(ConfigOption, value) GDALcall(object, option, ...) rawTransform(projfrom, projto, n, x, y, z=NULL, wkt=FALSE)
xy |
2-column matrix of coordinates |
proj |
character string of projection arguments; the arguments must be entered exactly as in the PROJ.4 documentation, in particular there cannot be any white space in +<arg>=<value> strings, and successive such strings can only be separated by blanks. |
inv |
default FALSE, if TRUE inverse projection to geographical coordinates |
use_ob_tran |
default FALSE, if TRUE and “+proj=ob_tran”, use General Oblique Transformation with internalised from/to projection reversal; the user oblique transforms forward rather than inverse. |
legacy |
default TRUE, if FALSE, use transform C functions (enforced internally for Windows 32-bit platforms) |
allowNAs_if_not_legacy |
used if legacy is FALSE, default FALSE; introduced to handle use of NAs as object separators in oce |
coordOp |
default NULL, for PROJ >= 6 used to pass through a pre-defined coordinate operation |
verbose |
default FALSE, for PROJ >=6 used to show the coordinate operation used |
use_aoi |
With PROJ >= 6, use the area of interest defined as the range of |
fname |
file name of grid map; in |
x |
A GDALReadOnlyDataset object |
offset |
Number of rows and columns from the origin (usually the upper left corner) to begin reading from; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
region.dim |
The number of rows and columns to read from the dataset; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
output.dim |
The number of rows and columns to return in the created object using GDAL's method to take care of image decimation / replication; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
band |
if missing, all bands are read |
p4s |
PROJ4 string defining CRS, if default (NULL), the value is read from the GDAL data set |
half.cell |
Used to adjust the intra-cell offset from corner to centre, usually as default, but may be set to c=(0,0) if needed; presently ordered (y,x) - this may change |
silent |
logical; if TRUE, comment and non-fatal CPL driver errors suppressed |
OVERRIDE_PROJ_DATUM_WITH_TOWGS84 |
logical value, default NULL, which case the cached option set by |
allowedDrivers |
a character vector of suggested driver short names may be provided starting from GDAL 2.0 |
... |
arguments passed to either |
dataset |
object of class SpatialGridDataFrame-class or SpatialPixelsDataFrame-class |
drivername , copy_drivername
|
GDAL driver name; if the chosen driver
does not support dataset creation, an attempt is made to use the
|
type |
GDAL write data type, one of: ‘Byte’, ‘Int16’, ‘Int32’, ‘Float32’, ‘Float64’; ‘UInt16’, ‘UInt32’ are available but have not been tests |
mvFlag |
default NA, missing value flag for output file; the default value works for ‘Int32’, ‘Float32’, ‘Float64’, but suitable in-range value that fits the data type should be used for other data types, for example 255 for ‘Byte’, -32768 for ‘Int16’, and so on; see Details below. |
enforce_xy |
(PROJ6+/GDAL3+) either use global setting (default NULL) or override policy for coordinate ordering easting/x as first axis, northing/y as second axis. |
options |
driver-specific options to be passed to the GDAL driver; only available for opening datasets from GDAL 2.0; see copying and creation details below |
setStatistics |
default FALSE, if TRUE, attempt to set per-band statistics in the output file (driver-dependent) |
colorTables |
default NULL, if not NULL, a list of length equal to the number of bands, with NULL components for bands with no color table, or either an integer matrix of red, green, blue and alpha values (0-255), or a character vector of colours. The number of colours permitted may vary with driver. |
catNames |
default NULL, if not NULL, a list of length equal to the number of bands, with NULL components for bands with no category names, or a string vector of category names |
returnRAT |
default FALSE, if TRUE, return a list with a Raster Attribute Table or NULL for each band |
returnCategoryNames |
default FALSE, if TRUE, return a list with a character vector of CategoryNames or NULL for each band |
returnStats |
default TRUE, return band-wise statistics if avaliable (from 0.7-20 set to NA if not available) |
returnColorTable |
default FALSE; if TRUE return band-wise colour tables in a list attribute “ColorTables” |
returnScaleOffset |
default TRUE, return a matrix of bandwise scales and offsets |
dsn |
data source name (interpretation varies by driver — for some drivers, dsn is a file name, but may also be a folder) |
layer |
layer name (varies by driver, may be a file name without extension). From rgdal 1.2.*, layer may be missing, in which case ogrListLayers examines the dsn, and fails if there are no layers, silently reads the only layer if only one layer is found, and reads the first layer if multiple layers are present, issuing a warning that layer should be given explicitly. |
stringsAsFactors |
logical: should character vectors be converted to factors? Default NA, which uses the deprecated |
drop_unsupported_fields |
default FALSE, if TRUE skip fields other than String, Integer, and Real; Date, Time and DateTime are converted to String |
pointDropZ |
default FALSE, if TRUE, discard third coordinates for point geometries; third coordinates are alway discarded for line and polygon geometries |
dropNULLGeometries |
default TRUE, drop both declared NULL geometries, and empty geometries with no coordinates; if FALSE, return a data frame with the attribute values of the NULL and empty geometries. From 1.3-6, setting FALSE also works when there are no geometries at all, returning a data.frame including all FIDs |
useC |
default TRUE, if FALSE use original interpreted code in a loop |
disambiguateFIDs |
default FALSE, if TRUE, and FID values are not unique, they will be set to unique values 1:N for N features; problem observed in GML files |
addCommentsToPolygons |
default TRUE, may be set FALSE for legacy behaviour; used to indicate which interior rings are holes in which exterior rings in conformance with OGC SFS specifications |
encoding |
default NULL, if set to a character string, and the driver is “ESRI Shapefile”, and use_iconv is FALSE, it is passed to the CPL Option “SHAPE_ENCODING” immediately before reading the DBF of a shapefile. If use_iconv is TRUE, and encoding is not NULL, it will be used to convert input strings from the given value to the native encoding for the system/platform. |
use_iconv |
default FALSE; if TRUE and encoding is not NULL, it will be used to convert input strings from the given value to the native encoding for the system/platform. |
swapAxisOrder |
default FALSE, if TRUE, treat y coordinate as Easting, x as Northing, that is the opposite to the assumed order; this may be needed if some OGR read drivers do not behave as expected |
require_geomType |
, default NULL, if one of: |
integer64 |
default “no.loss” (from rgdal 1.2.*). From GDAL 2, fields to be read may also take Integer64 values. As R has no such storage mode, three options are offered, analogous with |
GDAL1_integer64_policy |
default FALSE, if TRUE, Integer64 fields are read as doubles |
morphFromESRI |
default NULL, morph from ESRI WKT1 dialect |
dumpSRS |
dump SRS to stdout from inside GDAL to debug conversion - developer use only |
get_source_if_boundcrs |
The presence of the |
D3_if_2D3D_points |
https://github.com/r-spatial/sf/issues/1683 case of mixed 2D/3D track points - set TRUE to 3D to pass |
missing_3D |
default 0, may be finite real numbers; https://github.com/r-spatial/sf/issues/1683 |
driver |
default NULL, driver found using |
obj |
a SpatialPointsDataFrame, SpatialLinesDataFrame, or a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object. |
dataset_options |
a character vector of options, which vary by driver, and should be treated as experimental |
layer_options |
a character vector of options, which vary by driver, and should be treated as experimental |
check_exists |
default NULL, which tests for the GDAL version, and sets FALSE if < 1.8.0, or TRUE for >= 1.8.0 |
overwrite_layer |
default FALSE, if TRUE and |
delete_dsn |
default FALSE, may be set to TRUE if |
morphToESRI |
default NULL, in which case set TRUE if driver is “ESRI Shapefile” or FALSE otherwise; may be used to override this default |
shp_edge_case_fix |
default FALSE, if TRUE, attempt to work around MULTIPOLYGON to POLYGON degradation in ESRI Shapefile output with two touching exterior rings in a single feature (not yet implemented). |
uprojargs |
character string PROJ.4 projection arguments |
file |
if not NULL, a file name to which the output Well-Known Text representation should be written |
ConfigOption |
CPL configure option documented in https://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/ConfigOptions and elsewhere in GDAL source code |
value |
a string value to set a CPL option; NULL is used to unset the CPL option |
object |
GDALTransientDataset (option = 'SetGeoTransform', 'SetProject') or GDALRasterBand (the other options) |
option |
character. One of 'SetGeoTransform', 'SetProject', 'SetNoDataValue', 'SetStatistics', 'SetRasterColorTable' or 'SetCategoryNames') |
projfrom |
character. PROJ.4 coordinate reference system (CRS) description |
projto |
character. PROJ.4 CRS description |
n |
number of coordinates |
y |
y coordinates |
z |
z coordinates |
wkt |
default FALSE, if TRUE, the caller determines that projfrom and projto are wkt and that new_proj_and_gdal() returns TRUE to avoid multiple warnings when the function is called repetitively |
data(state) res <- project(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), "+proj=lcc +lat_1=48 +lat_2=33 +lon_0=-100 +ellps=WGS84") res1 <- project(res, "+proj=lcc +lat_1=48 +lat_2=33 +lon_0=-100 +ellps=WGS84", inv=TRUE) summary(res1 - cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y)) plot(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), asp=1, type="n") text(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), state.abb) plot(res, asp=1, type="n") text(res, state.abb) broke_proj <- FALSE pv <- .Call("PROJ4VersionInfo", PACKAGE="rgdal")[[2]] # https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues/1525 if (pv >= 600 && pv < 620) broke_proj <- TRUE if (!broke_proj) { crds <- matrix(data=c(9.05, 48.52), ncol=2) a <- project(crds, paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE) a #should be (-5.917698, -1.87195) project(a, paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), inv=TRUE, use_ob_tran=TRUE) #added after posting by Martin Ivanov } # getPROJ4VersionInfo() # Test for UTM == TMERC (<= 4.9.2) or UTM == ETMERC (> 4.9.2) nhh <- matrix(c(5.304234, 60.422311), ncol=2) nhh_utm_32N_P4 <- project(nhh, "+init=epsg:3044") nhh_tmerc_P4 <- project(nhh, paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=9", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) nhh_etmerc_P4 <- project(nhh, paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=9", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) all.equal(nhh_utm_32N_P4, nhh_tmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(nhh_utm_32N_P4, nhh_etmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 unis <- matrix(c(15.653453, 78.222504), ncol=2) unis_utm_33N_P4 <- project(unis, "+init=epsg:3045") unis_tmerc_P4 <- project(unis, paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) unis_etmerc_P4 <- project(unis, paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) all.equal(unis_utm_33N_P4, unis_tmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(unis_utm_33N_P4, unis_etmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 #pv <- attr(getPROJ4VersionInfo(), "short") #if (pv < 500) { # valgrind leakages in some cases for PROJ >= 5; many non-projection proj values added # available projections and their inverses if provided # For >=4.9.3 returns non-finite points rather than needing crash protection projs <- as.character(projInfo()$name) res <- logical(length(projs)) names(res) <- projs msgs <- character(length(projs)) names(msgs) <- projs owarn <- options("warn")$warn options(warn=2L) for (i in seq(along=res)) { iprs <- paste("+proj=", projs[i], sep="") xy <- try(project(cbind(0, 0), iprs, legacy=TRUE, use_aoi=FALSE), silent=TRUE) if (inherits(xy, "try-error")) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("fwd:", strsplit(xy, "\n")[[1]][2]) } else if(any(abs(xy) > 1e+08)) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("fwd: huge value") } else { out <- try(project(xy, iprs, inv=TRUE, legacy=TRUE, use_aoi=FALSE), silent=TRUE) if (inherits(out, "try-error")) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("inv:", strsplit(out, "\n")[[1]][2]) } else { res[i] <- isTRUE(all.equal(cbind(0,0), out)) } } } options(warn=owarn) df <- data.frame(res=unname(res), msgs=unname(msgs), row.names=names(res)) # projection and inverse projection failures # fwd: missing parameters # inv: mostly inverse not defined df[is.na(df$res),] # inverse not equal to input # (see http://lists.maptools.org/pipermail/proj/2011-November/006015.html) df[!is.na(df$res) & !df$res,] # inverse equal to input row.names(df[!is.na(df$res) & df$res,]) #} # oce data representation with NAs ll <- structure(c(12.1823368669203, 11.9149630062421, 12.3186076188739, 12.6207597184845, 12.9955172054652, 12.6316117692658, 12.4680041846297, 12.4366882666609, NA, NA, -5.78993051516384, -5.03798674888479, -4.60623015708619, -4.43802336997614, -4.78110320396188, -4.99127125409291, -5.24836150474498, -5.68430388755925, NA, NA), .Dim = c(10L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("longitude", "latitude"))) try(xy0 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=TRUE)) if (!PROJis6ormore()) { # legacy=TRUE PROJ >= 6 try(xy1 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE)) try(xy2 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=TRUE)) if (exists("xy0")) all.equal(xy0, xy2) } if (!exists("xy0")) xy0 <- structure(c(1217100.8468177, 1191302.229156, 1232143.28841193, 1262546.27733232, 1299648.82357849, 1263011.18154638, 1246343.17808186, 1242654.33986052, NA, NA, -715428.207551599, -622613.577983058, -569301.605757784, -548528.530156422, -590895.949857199, -616845.926397351, -648585.161643274, -702393.1160979, NA, NA), .Dim = c(10L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("longitude", "latitude"))) try(ll0 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=TRUE)) if (!PROJis6ormore()) { # legacy=TRUE PROJ >= 6 try(ll1 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE)) try(ll2 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=TRUE)) if (exists("ll0")) all.equal(ll0, ll2) } if (exists("ll0")) all.equal(ll0, ll) ## Not run: set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) library(grid) GDALinfo(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) x <- readGDAL(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) class(x) image(x) summary(x) x@data[[1]][x@data[[1]] > 10000] <- NA summary(x) image(x) x <- readGDAL(system.file("external/simple.ag", package="sp")[1]) class(x) image(x) summary(x) x <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/big_int_arc_file.asc", package="rgdal")[1]) summary(x) cat("if the range is not 10000, 77590, your GDAL does not detect big\n") cat("integers for this driver\n") y = readGDAL(system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package = "rgdal")[1], band=1) summary(y) y = readGDAL(system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package = "rgdal")[1]) summary(y) spplot(y, names.attr=c("red","green","blue"), col.regions=grey(0:100/100), main="example of three-layer (RGB) raster image", as.table=TRUE) data(meuse.grid) gridded(meuse.grid) = ~x+y proj4string(meuse.grid) = CRS("+init=epsg:28992") fn <- tempfile() writeGDAL(meuse.grid["dist"], fn) GDALinfo(fn) writeGDAL(meuse.grid["dist"], fn, setStatistics=TRUE) GDALinfo(fn) mg2 <- readGDAL(fn) proj4string(mg2) SP27GTIF <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/SP27GTIF.TIF", package = "rgdal")[1], output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(SP27GTIF) slot(SP27GTIF, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(SP27GTIF, "proj4string")) image(SP27GTIF, col=grey(1:99/100)) GDALinfo(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1]) (o <- GDALSpatialRef(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1])) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(o) cea <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1], output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(cea) image(cea, col=grey(1:99/100)) slot(cea, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(cea, "proj4string")) fn <- system.file("pictures/erdas_spnad83.tif", package = "rgdal")[1] erdas_spnad83 <- readGDAL(fn, offset=c(50, 100), region.dim=c(400, 400), output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(erdas_spnad83) slot(erdas_spnad83, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83, "proj4string")) image(erdas_spnad83, col=grey(1:99/100)) erdas_spnad83a <- readGDAL(fn, offset=c(50, 100), region.dim=c(400, 400)) bbox(erdas_spnad83) bbox(erdas_spnad83a) gridparameters(erdas_spnad83) gridparameters(erdas_spnad83a) tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options=NULL) erdas_spnad83_0 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_0, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_0, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_0) writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options="INTERLEAVE=PIXEL") erdas_spnad83_1 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_1, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_1, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_1) writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options=c("INTERLEAVE=PIXEL", "COMPRESS=DEFLATE")) erdas_spnad83_2 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_2, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_2, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_2) x <- GDAL.open(system.file("pictures/erdas_spnad83.tif", package = "rgdal")[1]) erdas_spnad83 <- asSGDF_GROD(x, output.dim=c(100,100)) GDAL.close(x) summary(erdas_spnad83) image(erdas_spnad83, col=grey(1:99/100)) tf <- tempfile() xx <- create2GDAL(erdas_spnad83, type="Byte") xxx <- copyDataset(xx, driver="PNG") saveDataset(xxx, tf) GDAL.close(xx) GDAL.close(xxx) GDALinfo(tf) tf2 <- tempfile() writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf2, drivername="PNG", type="Byte") GDALinfo(tf2) GT <- GridTopology(c(0.5, 0.5), c(1, 1), c(10, 10)) set.seed(1) SGDF <- SpatialGridDataFrame(GT, data=data.frame(z=runif(100))) opar <- par(mfrow=c(2,2), mar=c(1,1,4,1)) image(SGDF, "z", col=colorRampPalette(c("blue", "yellow"))(20)) title(main="input values") pfunc <- colorRamp(c("blue","yellow")) RGB <- pfunc(SGDF$z) SGDF$red <- RGB[,1] SGDF$green <- RGB[,2] SGDF$blue <- RGB[,3] image(SGDF, red="red", green="green", blue="blue") title(main="input RGB") tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(SGDF[c("red", "green", "blue")], tf, type="Byte", drivername="PNG") t1 <- readGDAL(tf) image(t1, red=1, green=2, blue=3) title(main="output PNG RGB") par(opar) t0 <- meuse.grid["ffreq"] fullgrid(t0) <- TRUE t0$ffreq <- as.integer(t0$ffreq)-1 # convert factor to zero-base integer CT <- c("red", "orange", "green", "transparent") CT cN <- c("annual", "2-5 years", "infrequent") tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(t0, tf, type="Byte", colorTable=list(CT), catNames=list(cN), mvFlag=3L) attr(GDALinfo(tf, returnStats=FALSE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE), "CATlist")[[1]] ds <- GDAL.open(tf) displayDataset(ds, reset.par=FALSE) t(col2rgb(getColorTable(ds)[1:4])) GDAL.close(ds) fn <- system.file("pictures/test_envi_class.envi", package = "rgdal")[1] Gi <- GDALinfo(fn, returnColorTable=TRUE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE) CT <- attr(Gi, "ColorTable")[[1]] CT attr(Gi, "CATlist")[[1]] with <- readGDAL(fn) with <- readGDAL(fn, silent=TRUE) table(with$band1) table(as.numeric(with$band1)) with1 <- readGDAL(fn, as.is=TRUE) table(with1$band1) spplot(with, col.regions=CT) tf <- tempfile() cN <- levels(with$band1) with$band1 <- as.integer(with$band1)-1 writeGDAL(with, tf, drivername="ENVI", type="Int16", colorTable=list(CT), catNames=list(cN), mvFlag=11L) cat(paste(readLines(paste(tf, "hdr", sep=".")), "\n", sep=""), "\n") wGi <- GDALinfo(tf, returnColorTable=TRUE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE) CTN <- attr(wGi, "ColorTable")[[1]] CTN attr(wGi, "CATlist")[[1]] withN <- readGDAL(tf) table(withN$band1) withN1 <- readGDAL(tf, as.is=TRUE) table(withN1$band1) spplot(withN, col.regions=CTN) # a file with scale and offset fn <- system.file("pictures/scaleoffset.vrt", package = "rgdal")[1] g <- GDALinfo(fn) attr(g, 'ScaleOffset') g fl <- system.file("pictures/MR5905167_372.nc", package="rgdal")[1] if (file.exists(fl)) { flstr <- paste0("NETCDF:\"", fl, "\":TEMP") if ("netCDF" %in% gdalDrivers()$name) GDALinfo(flstr) } set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) ogrDrivers() dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrListLayers(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="cities") owd <- getwd() setwd(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn="cities.shp") ogrInfo(dsn="cities.shp", layer="cities") setwd(owd) ow <- options("warn")$warn options("warn"=1) cities <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="cities") str(slot(cities, "data")) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(cities, "proj4string")) cities$POPULATION <- type.convert(as.character(cities$POPULATION), na.strings="-99", numerals="no.loss") str(slot(cities, "data")) cities <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="cities", GDAL1_integer64_policy=TRUE) str(slot(cities, "data")) options("warn"=ow) summary(cities) table(Encoding(as.character(cities$NAME))) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") OGRSpatialRef(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") kiritimati_primary_roads <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") summary(kiritimati_primary_roads) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(kiritimati_primary_roads, "proj4string")) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") OGRSpatialRef(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") scot_BNG <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(scot_BNG, "proj4string")) if ("GML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { dsn <- system.file("vectors/airports.gml", package = "rgdal")[1] airports <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="airports")) if (!inherits(airports, "try-error")) { summary(airports) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(airports, "proj4string")) } } dsn <- system.file("vectors/ps_cant_31.MIF", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31") ps_cant_31 <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31") summary(ps_cant_31) sapply(as(ps_cant_31, "data.frame"), class) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(ps_cant_31, "proj4string")) ps_cant_31 <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31", stringsAsFactors=FALSE) summary(ps_cant_31) sapply(as(ps_cant_31, "data.frame"), class) dsn <- system.file("vectors/Up.tab", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="Up") Up <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="Up") summary(Up) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(Up, "proj4string")) dsn <- system.file("vectors/test_trk2.gpx", package = "rgdal")[1] test_trk2 <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="tracks")) if (!inherits(test_trk2, "try-error")) { summary(test_trk2) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(test_trk2, "proj4string")) } test_trk2pts <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="track_points")) if (!inherits(test_trk2pts, "try-error")) { summary(test_trk2pts) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(test_trk2pts, "proj4string")) } dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="trin_inca_pl03") birds <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="trin_inca_pl03") summary(birds) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(birds, "proj4string")) dsn <- system.file("vectors/PacoursIKA2.TAB", package = "rgdal")[1] try(ogrInfo(dsn, "PacoursIKA2")) ogrInfo(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbPoint") plot(readOGR(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbLineString"), col="red") plot(readOGR(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbPoint"), add=TRUE) odir <- getwd() setwd(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1]) ow <- options("warn")$warn options("warn"=1) ogrInfo("test64.vrt", "test64") str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="allow.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="warn.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="no.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE, integer64="no.loss")$val) setwd(odir) options("warn"=ow) set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") is.na(cities$POPULATION) <- cities$POPULATION == -99 summary(cities$POPULATION) td <- file.path(tempdir(), "rgdal_examples"); dir.create(td) # BDR 2016-12-15 (MapInfo driver fails writing to directory with ".") if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { OLDPWD <- getwd() setwd(td) td <- "." } writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile") try(writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile")) writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile", overwrite_layer=TRUE) cities2 <- readOGR(td, "cities") summary(cities2$POPULATION) if ("SQLite" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { tf <- tempfile() try(writeOGR(cities, tf, "cities", driver="SQLite", layer_options="LAUNDER=NO")) } if ("GeoJSON" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { js <- '{ "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [[[[102.0, 2.0], [103.0, 2.0], [103.0, 3.0], [102.0, 3.0], [102.0, 2.0]]], [[[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0]]]] }' spdf <- readOGR(js, layer='OGRGeoJSON') in1_comms <- sapply(slot(spdf, "polygons"), comment) print(in1_comms) tf <- tempfile() writeOGR(spdf, tf, "GeoJSON", driver="GeoJSON") #spdf1 <- readOGR(tf, "GeoJSON") spdf1 <- readOGR(tf) in2_comms <- sapply(slot(spdf1, "polygons"), comment) print(in2_comms) print(isTRUE(all.equal(in1_comms, in2_comms))) } ## End(Not run) ## Not run: if ("GML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { airports <- try(readOGR(system.file("vectors/airports.gml", package = "rgdal")[1], "airports")) if (class(airports) != "try-error") { writeOGR(cities, paste(td, "cities.gml", sep="/"), "cities", driver="GML") cities3 <- readOGR(paste(td, "cities.gml", sep="/"), "cities") } } ## End(Not run) if (!exists("td")) { td <- file.path(tempdir(), "rgdal_examples"); dir.create(td) # BDR 2016-12-15 (MapInfo driver fails writing to directory with ".") if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { OLDPWD <- getwd() setwd(td) td <- "." } } # The GML driver does not support coordinate reference systems if ("KML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") meuse_ll <- spTransform(meuse, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) writeOGR(meuse_ll["zinc"], paste(td, "meuse.kml", sep="/"), "zinc", "KML") } list.files(td) roads <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "kiritimati_primary_roads") summary(roads) if (strsplit(getGDALVersionInfo(), " ")[[1]][2] < "2") { # For GDAL >= 2, the TAB driver may need a BOUNDS layer option writeOGR(roads, td, "roads", driver="MapInfo File") roads2 <- readOGR(paste(td, "roads.tab", sep="/"), "roads") summary(roads2) } scot_BNG <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG) if (strsplit(getGDALVersionInfo(), " ")[[1]][2] < "2") { # For GDAL >= 2, the TAB driver may need a BOUNDS layer option writeOGR(scot_BNG, td, "scot_BNG", driver="MapInfo File") list.files(td) scot_BNG2 <- readOGR(paste(td, "scot_BNG.tab", sep="/"), "scot_BNG", addCommentsToPolygons=FALSE) summary(scot_BNG2) } writeOGR(scot_BNG, td, "scot_BNG", driver="MapInfo File", dataset_options="FORMAT=MIF") list.files(td) scot_BNG3 <- readOGR(paste(td, "scot_BNG.mif", sep="/"), "scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG3) if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { setwd(OLDPWD) } set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) CRSargs(CRS("+proj=longlat")) try(CRS("+proj=longlat")) CRSargs(CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=NAD27")) CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:4267")) CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:26978")) CRSargs(CRS(paste("+proj=stere +lat_0=52.15616055555555", "+lon_0=5.38763888888889 +k=0.999908 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel", "+towgs84=565.237,50.0087,465.658,-0.406857,0.350733,-1.87035,4.0812", "+units=m"))) # see http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1987 CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:28992")) crs <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") CRSargs(CRS(CRSargs(crs))) set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") readLines(system.file("vectors/cities.prj", package = "rgdal")[1]) showWKT(proj4string(cities)) showWKT("+init=epsg:28992") showP4(showWKT("+init=epsg:28992")) showEPSG("+proj=utm +zone=30") showEPSG("+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84")
data(state) res <- project(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), "+proj=lcc +lat_1=48 +lat_2=33 +lon_0=-100 +ellps=WGS84") res1 <- project(res, "+proj=lcc +lat_1=48 +lat_2=33 +lon_0=-100 +ellps=WGS84", inv=TRUE) summary(res1 - cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y)) plot(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), asp=1, type="n") text(cbind(state.center$x, state.center$y), state.abb) plot(res, asp=1, type="n") text(res, state.abb) broke_proj <- FALSE pv <- .Call("PROJ4VersionInfo", PACKAGE="rgdal")[[2]] # https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues/1525 if (pv >= 600 && pv < 620) broke_proj <- TRUE if (!broke_proj) { crds <- matrix(data=c(9.05, 48.52), ncol=2) a <- project(crds, paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE) a #should be (-5.917698, -1.87195) project(a, paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), inv=TRUE, use_ob_tran=TRUE) #added after posting by Martin Ivanov } # getPROJ4VersionInfo() # Test for UTM == TMERC (<= 4.9.2) or UTM == ETMERC (> 4.9.2) nhh <- matrix(c(5.304234, 60.422311), ncol=2) nhh_utm_32N_P4 <- project(nhh, "+init=epsg:3044") nhh_tmerc_P4 <- project(nhh, paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=9", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) nhh_etmerc_P4 <- project(nhh, paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=9", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) all.equal(nhh_utm_32N_P4, nhh_tmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(nhh_utm_32N_P4, nhh_etmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 unis <- matrix(c(15.653453, 78.222504), ncol=2) unis_utm_33N_P4 <- project(unis, "+init=epsg:3045") unis_tmerc_P4 <- project(unis, paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) unis_etmerc_P4 <- project(unis, paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs")) all.equal(unis_utm_33N_P4, unis_tmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(unis_utm_33N_P4, unis_etmerc_P4, tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 #pv <- attr(getPROJ4VersionInfo(), "short") #if (pv < 500) { # valgrind leakages in some cases for PROJ >= 5; many non-projection proj values added # available projections and their inverses if provided # For >=4.9.3 returns non-finite points rather than needing crash protection projs <- as.character(projInfo()$name) res <- logical(length(projs)) names(res) <- projs msgs <- character(length(projs)) names(msgs) <- projs owarn <- options("warn")$warn options(warn=2L) for (i in seq(along=res)) { iprs <- paste("+proj=", projs[i], sep="") xy <- try(project(cbind(0, 0), iprs, legacy=TRUE, use_aoi=FALSE), silent=TRUE) if (inherits(xy, "try-error")) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("fwd:", strsplit(xy, "\n")[[1]][2]) } else if(any(abs(xy) > 1e+08)) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("fwd: huge value") } else { out <- try(project(xy, iprs, inv=TRUE, legacy=TRUE, use_aoi=FALSE), silent=TRUE) if (inherits(out, "try-error")) { res[i] <- NA msgs[i] <- paste("inv:", strsplit(out, "\n")[[1]][2]) } else { res[i] <- isTRUE(all.equal(cbind(0,0), out)) } } } options(warn=owarn) df <- data.frame(res=unname(res), msgs=unname(msgs), row.names=names(res)) # projection and inverse projection failures # fwd: missing parameters # inv: mostly inverse not defined df[is.na(df$res),] # inverse not equal to input # (see http://lists.maptools.org/pipermail/proj/2011-November/006015.html) df[!is.na(df$res) & !df$res,] # inverse equal to input row.names(df[!is.na(df$res) & df$res,]) #} # oce data representation with NAs ll <- structure(c(12.1823368669203, 11.9149630062421, 12.3186076188739, 12.6207597184845, 12.9955172054652, 12.6316117692658, 12.4680041846297, 12.4366882666609, NA, NA, -5.78993051516384, -5.03798674888479, -4.60623015708619, -4.43802336997614, -4.78110320396188, -4.99127125409291, -5.24836150474498, -5.68430388755925, NA, NA), .Dim = c(10L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("longitude", "latitude"))) try(xy0 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=TRUE)) if (!PROJis6ormore()) { # legacy=TRUE PROJ >= 6 try(xy1 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE)) try(xy2 <- project(ll, "+proj=moll", legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=TRUE)) if (exists("xy0")) all.equal(xy0, xy2) } if (!exists("xy0")) xy0 <- structure(c(1217100.8468177, 1191302.229156, 1232143.28841193, 1262546.27733232, 1299648.82357849, 1263011.18154638, 1246343.17808186, 1242654.33986052, NA, NA, -715428.207551599, -622613.577983058, -569301.605757784, -548528.530156422, -590895.949857199, -616845.926397351, -648585.161643274, -702393.1160979, NA, NA), .Dim = c(10L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("longitude", "latitude"))) try(ll0 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=TRUE)) if (!PROJis6ormore()) { # legacy=TRUE PROJ >= 6 try(ll1 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=FALSE)) try(ll2 <- project(xy0, "+proj=moll", inv=TRUE, legacy=FALSE, allowNAs_if_not_legacy=TRUE)) if (exists("ll0")) all.equal(ll0, ll2) } if (exists("ll0")) all.equal(ll0, ll) ## Not run: set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) library(grid) GDALinfo(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) x <- readGDAL(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) class(x) image(x) summary(x) x@data[[1]][x@data[[1]] > 10000] <- NA summary(x) image(x) x <- readGDAL(system.file("external/simple.ag", package="sp")[1]) class(x) image(x) summary(x) x <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/big_int_arc_file.asc", package="rgdal")[1]) summary(x) cat("if the range is not 10000, 77590, your GDAL does not detect big\n") cat("integers for this driver\n") y = readGDAL(system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package = "rgdal")[1], band=1) summary(y) y = readGDAL(system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package = "rgdal")[1]) summary(y) spplot(y, names.attr=c("red","green","blue"), col.regions=grey(0:100/100), main="example of three-layer (RGB) raster image", as.table=TRUE) data(meuse.grid) gridded(meuse.grid) = ~x+y proj4string(meuse.grid) = CRS("+init=epsg:28992") fn <- tempfile() writeGDAL(meuse.grid["dist"], fn) GDALinfo(fn) writeGDAL(meuse.grid["dist"], fn, setStatistics=TRUE) GDALinfo(fn) mg2 <- readGDAL(fn) proj4string(mg2) SP27GTIF <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/SP27GTIF.TIF", package = "rgdal")[1], output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(SP27GTIF) slot(SP27GTIF, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(SP27GTIF, "proj4string")) image(SP27GTIF, col=grey(1:99/100)) GDALinfo(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1]) (o <- GDALSpatialRef(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1])) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(o) cea <- readGDAL(system.file("pictures/cea.tif", package = "rgdal")[1], output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(cea) image(cea, col=grey(1:99/100)) slot(cea, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(cea, "proj4string")) fn <- system.file("pictures/erdas_spnad83.tif", package = "rgdal")[1] erdas_spnad83 <- readGDAL(fn, offset=c(50, 100), region.dim=c(400, 400), output.dim=c(100,100)) summary(erdas_spnad83) slot(erdas_spnad83, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83, "proj4string")) image(erdas_spnad83, col=grey(1:99/100)) erdas_spnad83a <- readGDAL(fn, offset=c(50, 100), region.dim=c(400, 400)) bbox(erdas_spnad83) bbox(erdas_spnad83a) gridparameters(erdas_spnad83) gridparameters(erdas_spnad83a) tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options=NULL) erdas_spnad83_0 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_0, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_0, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_0) writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options="INTERLEAVE=PIXEL") erdas_spnad83_1 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_1, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_1, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_1) writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf, drivername="GTiff", type="Byte", options=c("INTERLEAVE=PIXEL", "COMPRESS=DEFLATE")) erdas_spnad83_2 <- readGDAL(tf) slot(erdas_spnad83_2, "proj4string") if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(erdas_spnad83_2, "proj4string")) all.equal(erdas_spnad83, erdas_spnad83_2) x <- GDAL.open(system.file("pictures/erdas_spnad83.tif", package = "rgdal")[1]) erdas_spnad83 <- asSGDF_GROD(x, output.dim=c(100,100)) GDAL.close(x) summary(erdas_spnad83) image(erdas_spnad83, col=grey(1:99/100)) tf <- tempfile() xx <- create2GDAL(erdas_spnad83, type="Byte") xxx <- copyDataset(xx, driver="PNG") saveDataset(xxx, tf) GDAL.close(xx) GDAL.close(xxx) GDALinfo(tf) tf2 <- tempfile() writeGDAL(erdas_spnad83, tf2, drivername="PNG", type="Byte") GDALinfo(tf2) GT <- GridTopology(c(0.5, 0.5), c(1, 1), c(10, 10)) set.seed(1) SGDF <- SpatialGridDataFrame(GT, data=data.frame(z=runif(100))) opar <- par(mfrow=c(2,2), mar=c(1,1,4,1)) image(SGDF, "z", col=colorRampPalette(c("blue", "yellow"))(20)) title(main="input values") pfunc <- colorRamp(c("blue","yellow")) RGB <- pfunc(SGDF$z) SGDF$red <- RGB[,1] SGDF$green <- RGB[,2] SGDF$blue <- RGB[,3] image(SGDF, red="red", green="green", blue="blue") title(main="input RGB") tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(SGDF[c("red", "green", "blue")], tf, type="Byte", drivername="PNG") t1 <- readGDAL(tf) image(t1, red=1, green=2, blue=3) title(main="output PNG RGB") par(opar) t0 <- meuse.grid["ffreq"] fullgrid(t0) <- TRUE t0$ffreq <- as.integer(t0$ffreq)-1 # convert factor to zero-base integer CT <- c("red", "orange", "green", "transparent") CT cN <- c("annual", "2-5 years", "infrequent") tf <- tempfile() writeGDAL(t0, tf, type="Byte", colorTable=list(CT), catNames=list(cN), mvFlag=3L) attr(GDALinfo(tf, returnStats=FALSE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE), "CATlist")[[1]] ds <- GDAL.open(tf) displayDataset(ds, reset.par=FALSE) t(col2rgb(getColorTable(ds)[1:4])) GDAL.close(ds) fn <- system.file("pictures/test_envi_class.envi", package = "rgdal")[1] Gi <- GDALinfo(fn, returnColorTable=TRUE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE) CT <- attr(Gi, "ColorTable")[[1]] CT attr(Gi, "CATlist")[[1]] with <- readGDAL(fn) with <- readGDAL(fn, silent=TRUE) table(with$band1) table(as.numeric(with$band1)) with1 <- readGDAL(fn, as.is=TRUE) table(with1$band1) spplot(with, col.regions=CT) tf <- tempfile() cN <- levels(with$band1) with$band1 <- as.integer(with$band1)-1 writeGDAL(with, tf, drivername="ENVI", type="Int16", colorTable=list(CT), catNames=list(cN), mvFlag=11L) cat(paste(readLines(paste(tf, "hdr", sep=".")), "\n", sep=""), "\n") wGi <- GDALinfo(tf, returnColorTable=TRUE, returnCategoryNames=TRUE) CTN <- attr(wGi, "ColorTable")[[1]] CTN attr(wGi, "CATlist")[[1]] withN <- readGDAL(tf) table(withN$band1) withN1 <- readGDAL(tf, as.is=TRUE) table(withN1$band1) spplot(withN, col.regions=CTN) # a file with scale and offset fn <- system.file("pictures/scaleoffset.vrt", package = "rgdal")[1] g <- GDALinfo(fn) attr(g, 'ScaleOffset') g fl <- system.file("pictures/MR5905167_372.nc", package="rgdal")[1] if (file.exists(fl)) { flstr <- paste0("NETCDF:\"", fl, "\":TEMP") if ("netCDF" %in% gdalDrivers()$name) GDALinfo(flstr) } set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) ogrDrivers() dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrListLayers(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="cities") owd <- getwd() setwd(dsn) ogrInfo(dsn="cities.shp") ogrInfo(dsn="cities.shp", layer="cities") setwd(owd) ow <- options("warn")$warn options("warn"=1) cities <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="cities") str(slot(cities, "data")) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(cities, "proj4string")) cities$POPULATION <- type.convert(as.character(cities$POPULATION), na.strings="-99", numerals="no.loss") str(slot(cities, "data")) cities <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="cities", GDAL1_integer64_policy=TRUE) str(slot(cities, "data")) options("warn"=ow) summary(cities) table(Encoding(as.character(cities$NAME))) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") OGRSpatialRef(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") kiritimati_primary_roads <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="kiritimati_primary_roads") summary(kiritimati_primary_roads) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(kiritimati_primary_roads, "proj4string")) ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") OGRSpatialRef(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") scot_BNG <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(scot_BNG, "proj4string")) if ("GML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { dsn <- system.file("vectors/airports.gml", package = "rgdal")[1] airports <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="airports")) if (!inherits(airports, "try-error")) { summary(airports) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(airports, "proj4string")) } } dsn <- system.file("vectors/ps_cant_31.MIF", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31") ps_cant_31 <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31") summary(ps_cant_31) sapply(as(ps_cant_31, "data.frame"), class) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(ps_cant_31, "proj4string")) ps_cant_31 <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="ps_cant_31", stringsAsFactors=FALSE) summary(ps_cant_31) sapply(as(ps_cant_31, "data.frame"), class) dsn <- system.file("vectors/Up.tab", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="Up") Up <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="Up") summary(Up) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(Up, "proj4string")) dsn <- system.file("vectors/test_trk2.gpx", package = "rgdal")[1] test_trk2 <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="tracks")) if (!inherits(test_trk2, "try-error")) { summary(test_trk2) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(test_trk2, "proj4string")) } test_trk2pts <- try(readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="track_points")) if (!inherits(test_trk2pts, "try-error")) { summary(test_trk2pts) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(test_trk2pts, "proj4string")) } dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1] ogrInfo(dsn=dsn, layer="trin_inca_pl03") birds <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="trin_inca_pl03") summary(birds) if (new_proj_and_gdal()) comment(slot(birds, "proj4string")) dsn <- system.file("vectors/PacoursIKA2.TAB", package = "rgdal")[1] try(ogrInfo(dsn, "PacoursIKA2")) ogrInfo(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbPoint") plot(readOGR(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbLineString"), col="red") plot(readOGR(dsn, "PacoursIKA2", require_geomType="wkbPoint"), add=TRUE) odir <- getwd() setwd(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1]) ow <- options("warn")$warn options("warn"=1) ogrInfo("test64.vrt", "test64") str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="allow.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="warn.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, integer64="no.loss")$val) str(readOGR("test64.vrt", "test64", verbose=FALSE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE, integer64="no.loss")$val) setwd(odir) options("warn"=ow) set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") is.na(cities$POPULATION) <- cities$POPULATION == -99 summary(cities$POPULATION) td <- file.path(tempdir(), "rgdal_examples"); dir.create(td) # BDR 2016-12-15 (MapInfo driver fails writing to directory with ".") if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { OLDPWD <- getwd() setwd(td) td <- "." } writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile") try(writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile")) writeOGR(cities, td, "cities", driver="ESRI Shapefile", overwrite_layer=TRUE) cities2 <- readOGR(td, "cities") summary(cities2$POPULATION) if ("SQLite" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { tf <- tempfile() try(writeOGR(cities, tf, "cities", driver="SQLite", layer_options="LAUNDER=NO")) } if ("GeoJSON" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { js <- '{ "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [[[[102.0, 2.0], [103.0, 2.0], [103.0, 3.0], [102.0, 3.0], [102.0, 2.0]]], [[[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0]]]] }' spdf <- readOGR(js, layer='OGRGeoJSON') in1_comms <- sapply(slot(spdf, "polygons"), comment) print(in1_comms) tf <- tempfile() writeOGR(spdf, tf, "GeoJSON", driver="GeoJSON") #spdf1 <- readOGR(tf, "GeoJSON") spdf1 <- readOGR(tf) in2_comms <- sapply(slot(spdf1, "polygons"), comment) print(in2_comms) print(isTRUE(all.equal(in1_comms, in2_comms))) } ## End(Not run) ## Not run: if ("GML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { airports <- try(readOGR(system.file("vectors/airports.gml", package = "rgdal")[1], "airports")) if (class(airports) != "try-error") { writeOGR(cities, paste(td, "cities.gml", sep="/"), "cities", driver="GML") cities3 <- readOGR(paste(td, "cities.gml", sep="/"), "cities") } } ## End(Not run) if (!exists("td")) { td <- file.path(tempdir(), "rgdal_examples"); dir.create(td) # BDR 2016-12-15 (MapInfo driver fails writing to directory with ".") if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { OLDPWD <- getwd() setwd(td) td <- "." } } # The GML driver does not support coordinate reference systems if ("KML" %in% ogrDrivers()$name) { data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") meuse_ll <- spTransform(meuse, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) writeOGR(meuse_ll["zinc"], paste(td, "meuse.kml", sep="/"), "zinc", "KML") } list.files(td) roads <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "kiritimati_primary_roads") summary(roads) if (strsplit(getGDALVersionInfo(), " ")[[1]][2] < "2") { # For GDAL >= 2, the TAB driver may need a BOUNDS layer option writeOGR(roads, td, "roads", driver="MapInfo File") roads2 <- readOGR(paste(td, "roads.tab", sep="/"), "roads") summary(roads2) } scot_BNG <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG) if (strsplit(getGDALVersionInfo(), " ")[[1]][2] < "2") { # For GDAL >= 2, the TAB driver may need a BOUNDS layer option writeOGR(scot_BNG, td, "scot_BNG", driver="MapInfo File") list.files(td) scot_BNG2 <- readOGR(paste(td, "scot_BNG.tab", sep="/"), "scot_BNG", addCommentsToPolygons=FALSE) summary(scot_BNG2) } writeOGR(scot_BNG, td, "scot_BNG", driver="MapInfo File", dataset_options="FORMAT=MIF") list.files(td) scot_BNG3 <- readOGR(paste(td, "scot_BNG.mif", sep="/"), "scot_BNG") summary(scot_BNG3) if(nchar(Sys.getenv("OSGEO4W_ROOT")) > 0) { setwd(OLDPWD) } set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) CRSargs(CRS("+proj=longlat")) try(CRS("+proj=longlat")) CRSargs(CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=NAD27")) CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:4267")) CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:26978")) CRSargs(CRS(paste("+proj=stere +lat_0=52.15616055555555", "+lon_0=5.38763888888889 +k=0.999908 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel", "+towgs84=565.237,50.0087,465.658,-0.406857,0.350733,-1.87035,4.0812", "+units=m"))) # see http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1987 CRSargs(CRS("+init=epsg:28992")) crs <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") CRSargs(CRS(CRSargs(crs))) set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") readLines(system.file("vectors/cities.prj", package = "rgdal")[1]) showWKT(proj4string(cities)) showWKT("+init=epsg:28992") showP4(showWKT("+init=epsg:28992")) showEPSG("+proj=utm +zone=30") showEPSG("+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84")
This function converts a three-band SpatialGridDataFrame into a single band of colour indices and a colour look-up table using RGB2PCT
. vec2RGB
uses given breaks and colours (like image
) to make a three column matrix of red, green, and blue values for a numeric vector.
SGDF2PCT(x, ncolors = 256, adjust.bands=TRUE) vec2RGB(vec, breaks, col)
SGDF2PCT(x, ncolors = 256, adjust.bands=TRUE) vec2RGB(vec, breaks, col)
x |
a three-band SpatialGridDataFrame object |
ncolors |
a number of colours between 2 and 256 |
adjust.bands |
default TRUE; if FALSE the three bands must lie each between 0 and 255, but will not be streched within those bounds |
vec |
a numeric vector |
breaks |
a set of breakpoints for the colours: must give one more breakpoint than colour |
col |
a list of colors |
The value returned is a list:
idx |
a vector of colour indices in the same spatial order as the input object |
ct |
a vector of RGB colours |
Roger Bivand
logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo, ncolors=64) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo, ncolors=8) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) data(meuse.grid) coordinates(meuse.grid) <- c("x", "y") gridded(meuse.grid) <- TRUE fullgrid(meuse.grid) <- TRUE summary(meuse.grid$dist) opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE) par(mfrow=c(1,2), mar=c(1,1,1,1)+0.1) image(meuse.grid, "dist", breaks=seq(0,1,1/10), col=bpy.colors(10)) RGB <- vec2RGB(meuse.grid$dist, breaks=seq(0,1,1/10), col=bpy.colors(10)) summary(RGB) meuse.grid$red <- RGB[,1] meuse.grid$green <- RGB[,2] meuse.grid$blue <- RGB[,3] cols <- SGDF2PCT(meuse.grid[c("red", "green", "blue")], ncolors=10, adjust.bands=FALSE) is.na(cols$idx) <- is.na(meuse.grid$dist) meuse.grid$idx <- cols$idx image(meuse.grid, "idx", col=cols$ct) par(opar) # Note: only one wrongly classified pixel after NA handling/dropping # The functions are not written to be reversible sort(table(findInterval(meuse.grid$dist, seq(0,1,1/10), all.inside=TRUE))) sort(table(cols$idx))
logo <- system.file("pictures/Rlogo.jpg", package="rgdal")[1] SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo, ncolors=64) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) SGlogo <- readGDAL(logo) cols <- SGDF2PCT(SGlogo, ncolors=8) SGlogo$idx <- cols$idx image(SGlogo, "idx", col=cols$ct) data(meuse.grid) coordinates(meuse.grid) <- c("x", "y") gridded(meuse.grid) <- TRUE fullgrid(meuse.grid) <- TRUE summary(meuse.grid$dist) opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE) par(mfrow=c(1,2), mar=c(1,1,1,1)+0.1) image(meuse.grid, "dist", breaks=seq(0,1,1/10), col=bpy.colors(10)) RGB <- vec2RGB(meuse.grid$dist, breaks=seq(0,1,1/10), col=bpy.colors(10)) summary(RGB) meuse.grid$red <- RGB[,1] meuse.grid$green <- RGB[,2] meuse.grid$blue <- RGB[,3] cols <- SGDF2PCT(meuse.grid[c("red", "green", "blue")], ncolors=10, adjust.bands=FALSE) is.na(cols$idx) <- is.na(meuse.grid$dist) meuse.grid$idx <- cols$idx image(meuse.grid, "idx", col=cols$ct) par(opar) # Note: only one wrongly classified pixel after NA handling/dropping # The functions are not written to be reversible sort(table(findInterval(meuse.grid$dist, seq(0,1,1/10), all.inside=TRUE))) sort(table(cols$idx))
In modern workflows with PROJ >= 6 and GDAL >= 3, use only showSRID()
DEPRECATED: Use GDAL/OGR spatial reference objects to convert a PROJ.4 representation to a Well-Known Text representation, and report an EPSG code if it can be determined by OGR SRS services.
showP4(wkt, morphFromESRI=FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL) showSRID(inSRID, format="WKT2", multiline="NO", enforce_xy = NULL, EPSG_to_init=TRUE, prefer_proj=NULL) get_P6_datum_hard_fail() set_P6_datum_hard_fail(value) get_thin_PROJ6_warnings() set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(value) get_prefer_proj() set_prefer_proj(value) get_rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings() set_rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings(value) get_PROJ6_warnings_count() OSRIsProjected(obj)
showP4(wkt, morphFromESRI=FALSE, enforce_xy = NULL) showSRID(inSRID, format="WKT2", multiline="NO", enforce_xy = NULL, EPSG_to_init=TRUE, prefer_proj=NULL) get_P6_datum_hard_fail() set_P6_datum_hard_fail(value) get_thin_PROJ6_warnings() set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(value) get_prefer_proj() set_prefer_proj(value) get_rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings() set_rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings(value) get_PROJ6_warnings_count() OSRIsProjected(obj)
enforce_xy |
(PROJ6+/GDAL3+) either use global setting (default NULL) or override policy for coordinate ordering easting/x as first axis, northing/y as second axis. |
wkt |
A valid WKT character string representing a spatial reference system |
morphFromESRI |
default TRUE, morph the WKT string from the representation used by ESRI |
inSRID |
Input coordinate reference string |
obj |
valid CRS object |
format |
Output format, default WKT2 |
multiline |
Multiline output, either |
EPSG_to_init |
default TRUE, workaround for PROJ 6.3.0 frailty leading to the dropping of +ellps= and +units=; DATUM seems to disappear in the internal definition |
prefer_proj |
default NULL, if TRUE, use PROJ compiled code directly, rather than FALSE using PROJ via GDAL SRS; if NULL, uses value shown by |
value |
a logical value. For |
For showWKT
, a character string containing the WKT representation of the PROJ.4 string.
The options("rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings"="x")
may be used before loading rgdal to set the internal logical variables; if the option is set to "all"
, all warnings reporting CRS degradation stemming from the GDAL OSR function exportToProj4()
even if trivial are reported; if set to "thin"
, all warnings are detected but thinned so that one report is given per function call; if set to "none"
, the degradations are detected but not reported.
Roger Bivand
https://gdal.org/tutorials/osr_api_tut.html
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") readLines(system.file("vectors/cities.prj", package = "rgdal")[1]) showP4(showWKT("+init=epsg:28992")) exts <- rgdal_extSoftVersion() run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { cat(showSRID("EPSG:27700", multiline="YES"), "\n") } if (run) { (prj <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ")) } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +datum=OSGB36"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +towgs84=370.936,-108.938,435.682"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +nadgrids=OSTN15_NTv2_OSGBtoETRS.gsb"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +datum=OSGB36"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +towgs84=370.936,-108.938,435.682"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +nadgrids=OSTN15_NTv2_OSGBtoETRS.gsb"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("ESRI:102761", "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("OGC:CRS84", "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84", "WKT2") } if (run) { try(showSRID("", "WKT2")) } OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=longlat")) OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=geocent")) OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=geocent +units=km"))
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) cities <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "cities") readLines(system.file("vectors/cities.prj", package = "rgdal")[1]) showP4(showWKT("+init=epsg:28992")) exts <- rgdal_extSoftVersion() run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { cat(showSRID("EPSG:27700", multiline="YES"), "\n") } if (run) { (prj <- showSRID("EPSG:27700", "PROJ")) } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +datum=OSGB36"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +towgs84=370.936,-108.938,435.682"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +nadgrids=OSTN15_NTv2_OSGBtoETRS.gsb"), "WKT1") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +datum=OSGB36"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +towgs84=370.936,-108.938,435.682"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID(paste0(prj, " +nadgrids=OSTN15_NTv2_OSGBtoETRS.gsb"), "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("ESRI:102761", "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("OGC:CRS84", "WKT2") } if (run) { showSRID("urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84", "WKT2") } if (run) { try(showSRID("", "WKT2")) } OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=longlat")) OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=geocent")) OSRIsProjected(CRS("+proj=geocent +units=km"))
Class for spatial attributes that have spatial locations on a (full) regular grid on file, not (yet) actually read.
## S3 method for class 'SpatialGDAL' open(con, ..., silent = FALSE, allowedDrivers = NULL, options=NULL) ## S3 method for class 'SpatialGDAL' close(con, ...) copy.SpatialGDAL(dataset, fname, driver = getDriver(dataset@grod), strict = FALSE, options = NULL, silent = FALSE)
## S3 method for class 'SpatialGDAL' open(con, ..., silent = FALSE, allowedDrivers = NULL, options=NULL) ## S3 method for class 'SpatialGDAL' close(con, ...) copy.SpatialGDAL(dataset, fname, driver = getDriver(dataset@grod), strict = FALSE, options = NULL, silent = FALSE)
con |
file name of grid map for opening, SpatialGDAL object for closing |
... |
other arguments (currently ignored) |
silent |
logical; if TRUE, comment and non-fatal CPL driver errors suppressed |
dataset |
object of class SpatialGDAL |
fname |
file name of grid map |
driver |
GDAL driver name |
strict |
TRUE if the copy must be strictly equivalent, or more normally FALSE indicating that the copy may adapt as needed for the output format |
allowedDrivers |
a character vector of suggested driver short names may be provided starting from GDAL 2.0 |
options |
driver-specific options to be passed to the GDAL driver; only available for opening datasets from GDAL 2.0 |
Objects can be created by calls of the form open.
SpatialGDAL(name),
, where name
is the name of
the GDAL file.
points
:see SpatialPoints; points slot which is not actually filled with all coordinates (only with min/max)
grid
:see GridTopology-class; grid parameters
grid.index
:see SpatialPixels-class; this slot is of zero length for this class, as the grid is full
bbox
:Object of class "matrix"
; bounding box
proj4string
:Object of class "CRS"
; projection
data
:Object of class data.frame, containing attribute data
Class Spatial-class, directly.
signature(x = "SpatialGDAL", i, j, ...)
:
selects rows (i), columns (j), and bands (third argument); returns an object of
class SpatialGridDataFrame-class. Only the selection is actually read.
signature(i)
: reads band i and returns the values as a
numeric vector
Non-fatal CPL errors may be displayed for some drivers, currently for the AIG ArcInfo 9.3 binary raster driver using GDAL >= 1.6.2; the data has been read correctly, but the contents of the info directory did not meet the specifications used to reverse engineer the driver used in GDAL (see https://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/3031)
Edzer Pebesma, [email protected]
SpatialGridDataFrame-class
, which is actually sub-classed.
x <- open.SpatialGDAL(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) image(x[]) image(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) summary(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) spplot(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) # select first 50 rows: summary(x[1:50]) # select first 50 columns: summary(x[,1:50]) # select band 1: summary(x[,,1]) # select first 50 rows, first 50 columns, band 1: summary(x[1:50,1:50,1]) # get values of first band: summary(x[[1]]) close(x)
x <- open.SpatialGDAL(system.file("external/test.ag", package="sp")[1]) image(x[]) image(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) summary(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) spplot(as(x, "SpatialGridDataFrame")) # select first 50 rows: summary(x[1:50]) # select first 50 columns: summary(x[,1:50]) # select band 1: summary(x[,,1]) # select first 50 rows, first 50 columns, band 1: summary(x[1:50,1:50,1]) # get values of first band: summary(x[[1]]) close(x)
The spTransform
methods provide transformation between datum(s) and conversion between projections (also known as projection and/or re-projection), from one unambiguously specified coordinate reference system (CRS) to another, prior to version 1.5 using Proj4 projection arguments. From version 1.5, Well-Known Text 2 (WKT2 2019) strings are used. For simple projection, when no Proj4 +datum tags are used, datum projection does not occur. When datum transformation is required, the datum should be defined with a valid value both in the CRS of the object to be transformed, and in the target CRS. In general datum is to be prefered to ellipsoid, because the datum always fixes the ellipsoid, but the ellipsoid never fixes the datum.
In addition, before version 1.5 the +towgs84 tag should have been used where needed to make sure that datum transformation would take place. Parameters for +towgs84 were taken from the legacy bundled EPSG file if they are known unequivocally, but could be entered manually from known authorities. Not providing the appropriate +datum and +towgs84 tags led to coordinates being out by hundreds of metres. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to provide this information: the user has to know the correct metadata for the data being used, even if this can be hard to discover.
From version 1.5, spTransform
uses the modern PROJ coordinate operation framework for transformations. This avoids pivoting through WGS84 if possible, and uses WKT2 (2019) strings for source and target CRS often constructed from the bundled EPSG SQLite database. The database is searched for feasible candidate coordinate operations, and the most accurate available is chosen. More details are available in a vignette: vignette("CRS_projections_transformations")
.
get_transform_wkt_comment() set_transform_wkt_comment(value) get_enforce_xy() set_enforce_xy(value) get_last_coordOp()
get_transform_wkt_comment() set_transform_wkt_comment(value) get_enforce_xy() set_enforce_xy(value) get_last_coordOp()
value |
A non-NA logical value |
default void method
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialPoints" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialPointsDataFrame" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialLines" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialLinesDataFrame" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialPolygons" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
returns transformed coordinates of an "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame" object using the projection arguments in "CRSobj", of class CRS
Because regular grids will usually not be regular after projection/datum transformation, the input object is coerced to a SpatialPointsDataFrame, and the transformation carried out on that object. A warning: “Grid warping not available, coercing to points” is given.
Because regular grids will usually not be regular after projection/datum transformation, the input object is coerced to a SpatialPointsDataFrame, and the transformation carried out on that object. A warning: “Grid warping not available, coercing to points” is given.
The projection arguments had to be entered exactly as in the PROJ.4 documentation, in particular there cannot be any white space in +<arg>=<value> strings, and successive such strings can only be separated by blanks. Note that warnings about different projections may be issued when the PROJ.4 library extends projection arguments; examine the warning to see if the differences are real.
Also note that re-projection and/or datum transformation will usually not work for regular grids. The term used for similar operations for regular grids is warping, which involved resampling to a regular grid in the target coordinate reference system.
The methods may take an optional argument “use_ob_tran”, default FALSE, if TRUE and “+proj=ob_tran”, use General Oblique Transformation with internalised from/to projection reversal (the user oblique transforms from longlat to oblique forward rather than inverse as suggested in PROJ.4 mailing list postings); these changes are intended to meet a need pointed out by Martin Ivanov (2012-08-15). A subsequent point raised by Martin Ivanov (2017-04-28) was that use of a projected CRS with “+proj=ob_tran” led to errors, so mixing projected CRS and “+proj=ob_tran” is blocked. Transform first “+proj=ob_tran” to or from “+proj=longlat”, and then on from geographical coordinates to those desired or the reverse - see example.
If a SpatialPoints object has three dimensions, the third will also be transformed, with the metric of the third dimension assumed to be meters if the vertical units metric is not given in the projection description with +vunits= or +vto_meter= (which is 1.0 by default) https://proj.org/faq.html.
Note that WGS84 is both an ellipse and a datum, and that since 1984 there have been changes in the relative positions of continents, leading to a number of modifications. This is discussed for example in https://www.uvm.edu/giv/resources/WGS84_NAD83.pdf; there are then multiple transformations between NAD83 and WGS84 depending on the WGS84 definition used. One would expect that “+towgs84=” is a no-op for WGS84, but this only applies sometimes, and as there are now at least 30 years between now and 1984, things have shifted. It may be useful to note that “+nadgrids=@null” can help, see these threads: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-geo/2014-August/021611.html, http://lists.maptools.org/pipermail/proj/2014-August/006894.html, with thanks to Hermann Peifer for assistance.
Note that from PROJ.4 4.9.3, the definition of UTM is changed from TMERC to ETMERC; see example.
Roger Bivand [email protected]
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) # state data(state) states <- data.frame(state.x77, state.center) states <- states[states$x > -121,] coordinates(states) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(states) <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66") summary(states) state.ll83 <- spTransform(states, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS80")) summary(state.ll83) state.merc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+proj=merc +ellps=GRS80")) summary(state.merc) state.merc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+proj=merc +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-mi")) summary(state.merc) # NAD ## Not run: if (PROJis6ormore() || (!PROJis6ormore() && projNAD())) { states <- data.frame(state.x77, state.center) states <- states[states$x > -121,] coordinates(states) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(states) <- CRS("+init=epsg:4267") print(summary(states)) state.ll83 <- spTransform(states, CRS("+init=epsg:4269")) print(summary(state.ll83)) state.kansasSlcc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+init=epsg:26978")) print(summary(state.kansasSlcc)) SFpoint_NAD83 <- SpatialPoints(matrix(c(-103.869667, 44.461676), nrow=1), proj4string=CRS("+init=epsg:4269")) SFpoint_NAD27 <- spTransform(SFpoint_NAD83, CRS("+init=epsg:4267")) print(all.equal(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD83), coordinates(SFpoint_NAD27))) print(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD27), digits=12) print(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD83), digits=12) } ## End(Not run) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") # see http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1987 summary(meuse) meuse.utm <- spTransform(meuse, CRS("+proj=utm +zone=32 +datum=WGS84")) summary(meuse.utm) cbind(coordinates(meuse), coordinates(meuse.utm)) ## Not run: # Kiritimati kiritimati_primary_roads <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "kiritimati_primary_roads") kiritimati_primary_roads_ll <- spTransform(kiritimati_primary_roads, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) opar <- par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(kiritimati_primary_roads, axes=TRUE) plot(kiritimati_primary_roads_ll, axes=TRUE, las=1) par(opar) # scot_BNG scot_BNG <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "scot_BNG") scot_LL <- spTransform(scot_BNG, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) plot(scot_LL, axes=TRUE) grdtxt_LL <- gridat(scot_LL) grd_LL <- gridlines(scot_LL, ndiscr=100) summary(grd_LL) target <- CRS(proj4string(scot_BNG)) grd_BNG <- spTransform(grd_LL, target) grdtxt_BNG <- spTransform(grdtxt_LL, target) opar <- par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(scot_BNG, axes=TRUE, las=1) plot(grd_BNG, add=TRUE, lty=2) text(coordinates(grdtxt_BNG), labels=parse(text=as.character(grdtxt_BNG$labels))) par(opar) ## End(Not run) # broke_proj broke_proj <- FALSE # https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues/1525 pv <- .Call("PROJ4VersionInfo", PACKAGE="rgdal")[[2]] if (pv >= 600 && pv < 620) broke_proj <- TRUE if (!broke_proj) { crds <- matrix(data=c(9.05, 48.52), ncol=2) spPoint <- SpatialPoints(coords=crds, proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs")) ob_tran_def <- paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs") tg <- CRS(ob_tran_def) # proj4string not propagated in GDAL 3.0.0 a <- spTransform(spPoint, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE) a } #should be (-5.917698, -1.87195) if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(a, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE) } if (!broke_proj) { try(spTransform(a, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs")), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(spPoint, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs"))) } if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(spTransform(a, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE), CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs"))) } crds1 <- matrix(data=c(7, 51, 8, 52, 9, 52, 10, 51, 7, 51), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); crds2 <- matrix(data=c(8, 48, 9, 49, 11, 49, 9, 48, 8, 48), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); crds3 <- matrix(data=c(6, 47, 6, 55, 15, 55, 15, 47, 6, 47), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); spLines <- SpatialLines(list(Lines(list(Line(crds1), Line(crds2), Line(crds3)), ID="a"))); slot(spLines, "proj4string") <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"); bbox(spLines); if (!broke_proj) { spLines_tr <- spTransform(spLines, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE); bbox(spLines_tr) } if (!broke_proj) { bbox(spTransform(spLines_tr, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere"), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } if (!broke_proj) { spPolygons <- SpatialPolygons(list(Polygons(list(Polygon(crds1), Polygon(crds2), Polygon(crds3)), ID="a"))); slot(spPolygons, "proj4string") <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"); bbox(spPolygons); } if (!broke_proj) { spPolygons_tr <- spTransform(spPolygons, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE); bbox(spPolygons_tr) } if (!broke_proj) { bbox(spTransform(spPolygons_tr, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere"), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } # added after posting by Martin Ivanov ## Not run: data(nor2k) summary(nor2k) nor2kNGO <- spTransform(nor2k, CRS("+init=epsg:4273")) summary(nor2kNGO) all.equal(coordinates(nor2k)[,3], coordinates(nor2kNGO)[,3]) # added after posting by Don MacQueen crds <- cbind(c(-121.524764291826, -121.523480804667), c(37.6600366036405, 37.6543604613483)) ref <- cbind(c(1703671.30566227, 1704020.20113366), c(424014.398045834, 421943.708664294)) crs.step1.cf <- CRS(paste("+proj=lcc +lat_1=38.43333333333333", "+lat_2=37.06666666666667 +lat_0=36.5 +lon_0=-120.5", "+x_0=2000000.0 +y_0=500000.0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-ft +no_defs", "+towgs84=-0.991,1.9072,0.5129,0.025789908,0.0096501,0.0116599,0.0")) locs.step1.cf <- spTransform(SpatialPoints(crds, proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")), crs.step1.cf) suppressWarnings(proj4string(locs.step1.cf) <- CRS(paste("+proj=lcc", "+lat_1=38.43333333333333 +lat_2=37.06666666666667 +lat_0=36.5", "+lon_0=-120.5 +x_0=2000000.0 +y_0=500000.0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-ft", "+no_defs +nadgrids=@null"))) locs.step2.cfb <- spTransform(locs.step1.cf, CRS("+init=epsg:26743")) coordinates(locs.step2.cfb) - ref all.equal(unname(coordinates(locs.step2.cfb)), ref) ## End(Not run) ## Not run: # new_proj_and_gdal() run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { # Test for UTM == TMERC (<= 4.9.2) or UTM == ETMERC (> 4.9.2) nhh <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(matrix(c(5.304234, 60.422311), ncol=2), proj4string=CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84"), data=data.frame(office="RSB")) nhh_utm_32N_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS("+init=epsg:3044")) nhh_tmerc_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=9 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) nhh_etmerc_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS(paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=9 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) all.equal(coordinates(nhh_utm_32N_P4), coordinates(nhh_tmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(coordinates(nhh_utm_32N_P4), coordinates(nhh_etmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 unis <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(matrix(c(15.653453, 78.222504), ncol=2), proj4string=CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84"), data=data.frame(office="UNIS")) unis_utm_33N_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS("+init=epsg:3045")) unis_tmerc_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) unis_etmerc_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS(paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=15 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) all.equal(coordinates(unis_utm_33N_P4), coordinates(unis_tmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(coordinates(unis_utm_33N_P4), coordinates(unis_etmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 } ## End(Not run)
set_thin_PROJ6_warnings(TRUE) # state data(state) states <- data.frame(state.x77, state.center) states <- states[states$x > -121,] coordinates(states) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(states) <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66") summary(states) state.ll83 <- spTransform(states, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS80")) summary(state.ll83) state.merc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+proj=merc +ellps=GRS80")) summary(state.merc) state.merc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+proj=merc +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-mi")) summary(state.merc) # NAD ## Not run: if (PROJis6ormore() || (!PROJis6ormore() && projNAD())) { states <- data.frame(state.x77, state.center) states <- states[states$x > -121,] coordinates(states) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(states) <- CRS("+init=epsg:4267") print(summary(states)) state.ll83 <- spTransform(states, CRS("+init=epsg:4269")) print(summary(state.ll83)) state.kansasSlcc <- spTransform(states, CRS=CRS("+init=epsg:26978")) print(summary(state.kansasSlcc)) SFpoint_NAD83 <- SpatialPoints(matrix(c(-103.869667, 44.461676), nrow=1), proj4string=CRS("+init=epsg:4269")) SFpoint_NAD27 <- spTransform(SFpoint_NAD83, CRS("+init=epsg:4267")) print(all.equal(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD83), coordinates(SFpoint_NAD27))) print(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD27), digits=12) print(coordinates(SFpoint_NAD83), digits=12) } ## End(Not run) data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") proj4string(meuse) <- CRS("+init=epsg:28992") # see http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1987 summary(meuse) meuse.utm <- spTransform(meuse, CRS("+proj=utm +zone=32 +datum=WGS84")) summary(meuse.utm) cbind(coordinates(meuse), coordinates(meuse.utm)) ## Not run: # Kiritimati kiritimati_primary_roads <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "kiritimati_primary_roads") kiritimati_primary_roads_ll <- spTransform(kiritimati_primary_roads, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) opar <- par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(kiritimati_primary_roads, axes=TRUE) plot(kiritimati_primary_roads_ll, axes=TRUE, las=1) par(opar) # scot_BNG scot_BNG <- readOGR(system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1], "scot_BNG") scot_LL <- spTransform(scot_BNG, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) plot(scot_LL, axes=TRUE) grdtxt_LL <- gridat(scot_LL) grd_LL <- gridlines(scot_LL, ndiscr=100) summary(grd_LL) target <- CRS(proj4string(scot_BNG)) grd_BNG <- spTransform(grd_LL, target) grdtxt_BNG <- spTransform(grdtxt_LL, target) opar <- par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(scot_BNG, axes=TRUE, las=1) plot(grd_BNG, add=TRUE, lty=2) text(coordinates(grdtxt_BNG), labels=parse(text=as.character(grdtxt_BNG$labels))) par(opar) ## End(Not run) # broke_proj broke_proj <- FALSE # https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues/1525 pv <- .Call("PROJ4VersionInfo", PACKAGE="rgdal")[[2]] if (pv >= 600 && pv < 620) broke_proj <- TRUE if (!broke_proj) { crds <- matrix(data=c(9.05, 48.52), ncol=2) spPoint <- SpatialPoints(coords=crds, proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs")) ob_tran_def <- paste("+proj=ob_tran +o_proj=longlat", "+o_lon_p=-162 +o_lat_p=39.25 +lon_0=180 +ellps=sphere +no_defs") tg <- CRS(ob_tran_def) # proj4string not propagated in GDAL 3.0.0 a <- spTransform(spPoint, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE) a } #should be (-5.917698, -1.87195) if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(a, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE) } if (!broke_proj) { try(spTransform(a, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs")), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(spPoint, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs"))) } if (!broke_proj) { spTransform(spTransform(a, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"), use_ob_tran=TRUE), CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=9 +k=1", "+x_0=3500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs"))) } crds1 <- matrix(data=c(7, 51, 8, 52, 9, 52, 10, 51, 7, 51), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); crds2 <- matrix(data=c(8, 48, 9, 49, 11, 49, 9, 48, 8, 48), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); crds3 <- matrix(data=c(6, 47, 6, 55, 15, 55, 15, 47, 6, 47), ncol=2, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(NULL, c("lon", "lat"))); spLines <- SpatialLines(list(Lines(list(Line(crds1), Line(crds2), Line(crds3)), ID="a"))); slot(spLines, "proj4string") <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"); bbox(spLines); if (!broke_proj) { spLines_tr <- spTransform(spLines, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE); bbox(spLines_tr) } if (!broke_proj) { bbox(spTransform(spLines_tr, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere"), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } if (!broke_proj) { spPolygons <- SpatialPolygons(list(Polygons(list(Polygon(crds1), Polygon(crds2), Polygon(crds3)), ID="a"))); slot(spPolygons, "proj4string") <- CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere +no_defs"); bbox(spPolygons); } if (!broke_proj) { spPolygons_tr <- spTransform(spPolygons, tg, use_ob_tran=TRUE); bbox(spPolygons_tr) } if (!broke_proj) { bbox(spTransform(spPolygons_tr, CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=sphere"), use_ob_tran=TRUE)) } # added after posting by Martin Ivanov ## Not run: data(nor2k) summary(nor2k) nor2kNGO <- spTransform(nor2k, CRS("+init=epsg:4273")) summary(nor2kNGO) all.equal(coordinates(nor2k)[,3], coordinates(nor2kNGO)[,3]) # added after posting by Don MacQueen crds <- cbind(c(-121.524764291826, -121.523480804667), c(37.6600366036405, 37.6543604613483)) ref <- cbind(c(1703671.30566227, 1704020.20113366), c(424014.398045834, 421943.708664294)) crs.step1.cf <- CRS(paste("+proj=lcc +lat_1=38.43333333333333", "+lat_2=37.06666666666667 +lat_0=36.5 +lon_0=-120.5", "+x_0=2000000.0 +y_0=500000.0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-ft +no_defs", "+towgs84=-0.991,1.9072,0.5129,0.025789908,0.0096501,0.0116599,0.0")) locs.step1.cf <- spTransform(SpatialPoints(crds, proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")), crs.step1.cf) suppressWarnings(proj4string(locs.step1.cf) <- CRS(paste("+proj=lcc", "+lat_1=38.43333333333333 +lat_2=37.06666666666667 +lat_0=36.5", "+lon_0=-120.5 +x_0=2000000.0 +y_0=500000.0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=us-ft", "+no_defs +nadgrids=@null"))) locs.step2.cfb <- spTransform(locs.step1.cf, CRS("+init=epsg:26743")) coordinates(locs.step2.cfb) - ref all.equal(unname(coordinates(locs.step2.cfb)), ref) ## End(Not run) ## Not run: # new_proj_and_gdal() run <- new_proj_and_gdal() if (run) { # Test for UTM == TMERC (<= 4.9.2) or UTM == ETMERC (> 4.9.2) nhh <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(matrix(c(5.304234, 60.422311), ncol=2), proj4string=CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84"), data=data.frame(office="RSB")) nhh_utm_32N_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS("+init=epsg:3044")) nhh_tmerc_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=9 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) nhh_etmerc_P4 <- spTransform(nhh, CRS(paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=9 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) all.equal(coordinates(nhh_utm_32N_P4), coordinates(nhh_tmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(coordinates(nhh_utm_32N_P4), coordinates(nhh_etmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 unis <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(matrix(c(15.653453, 78.222504), ncol=2), proj4string=CRS(SRS_string="OGC:CRS84"), data=data.frame(office="UNIS")) unis_utm_33N_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS("+init=epsg:3045")) unis_tmerc_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS(paste("+proj=tmerc +k=0.9996 +lon_0=15", "+x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) unis_etmerc_P4 <- spTransform(unis, CRS(paste("+proj=etmerc +k=0.9996", "+lon_0=15 +x_0=500000 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"))) all.equal(coordinates(unis_utm_33N_P4), coordinates(unis_tmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == TMERC: PROJ4 <=4.9.2 all.equal(coordinates(unis_utm_33N_P4), coordinates(unis_etmerc_P4), tolerance=1e-9, scale=1) # UTM == ETMERC: PROJ4 > 4.9.2 } ## End(Not run)